抑鬱
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抑鬱或憂鬱（英語：Depression）是一種情緒低落和厭惡活動的狀態。<ref>NIMH » Depression Basics. www.nimh.nih.gov. 2016 [2020-10-22]. （原始內容存檔於2009-02-16）.</ref> 在醫學上被歸類為精神和行為障礙<ref>Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization: 30-1. [23 June 2021]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2014-03-23）.</ref>，抑鬱的經歷會影響一個人的思想、行為、動機、感覺和幸福感。<ref>de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P. Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. October 2019, 28 (5): 544–562. PMC 7032752 可免費查閱. PMID 29769159. doi:10.1017/S2045796018000227 可免費查閱.</ref> 據稱抑鬱的核心症狀是失樂，指的是對某些通常給人們帶來快樂的活動失去興趣或失去愉悅感。<ref name=":1">Gilbert P. Psychotherapy and counselling for depression 3rd. Los Angeles: Sage. 2007. ISBN 978-1849203494. OCLC 436076587.</ref> 抑鬱情緒是某些情緒障礙的症狀，如重度抑鬱症或持續性憂鬱症<ref name="DSM-5(2013)2">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013.</ref>；它是對生活事件的正常暫時反應，如失去親人； 它也是一些身體疾病的症狀，也是一些藥物和醫療的副作用。 它可能表現為悲傷、難以思考和集中注意力，食慾和睡眠時間顯著增加或減少。患有抑鬱的人可能會感到沮喪、絕望、無助<ref>Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression. [2017-05-20]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）.</ref><ref>Depression (major depressive disorder). [2017-05-20]. （原始內容存檔於2017-06-05）. Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
</ref>和有自殺念頭。<ref>NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-11）.</ref> 它可以是短期的，也可以是長期的情緒狀態。
干預[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
抑鬱可能是對創傷性事件的正常反應，也可能由生理疾病或藥物副作用引起，不一定需要針對性的醫療干預。長期持續的抑鬱情緒則可能屬於情感障礙，經診斷後可以通過治療緩解。為均衡使用藥物的風險和收益，不應對短期的抑鬱情緒隨意使用抗抑鬱藥。<ref>Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）.</ref>
體育運動有防止抑鬱的效果。<ref>Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648 [2019-03-19]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-01） （English）. </ref>
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