厭世
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厭世(Misanthropy),西方語言稱為人类厌恶(源自希臘語:μῖσος{{#if:|}}“仇恨”與{{#switch:gre
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}} “人”),是一種對人類社會的仇恨、不信任或不屑的感情。有厌世态度的人一般会基于人类的“缺陷”或“恶习”而对人类这一物种作出消极评价,其往往认为,这些缺陷是所有人或至少是绝大多数人的特征,除非彻底改变主流生活方式,否则没有简单的方法可以纠正这些缺陷。若是專門針對人類的本性帶有強烈不信任的感情,則稱為犬儒主義(英語:cynicism)或憤世嫉俗。
一个与之相关的问题是导致人们产生想法的心理和社会因素。重要的因素包括对以前崇拜的人的幻想破灭、社会不平等以及生活在专制的环境下等。厌世与哲学、心理学、宗教学等各种学科相关,整个历史上,哲学家们都在讨论和举例说明它,包括赫拉克利特、第欧根尼、托马斯·霍布斯、让-雅克·卢梭、亚瑟·叔本华和弗里德里希·尼采。
參考[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Act I. Eight Plays by Moliere Modern Library College Editions LCCCN 57-11167 p227
- Moliere. Misanthrope, Act I Scene 1. Bibliomania.com. 2000 [November 8, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-29).
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