抑郁
| 此条目的引用需要改写，使其符合格式。 (2017年7月5日) |
{{#ifeq:|left|}}
| 系列条目 |
| 情绪 |
|---|
| File:Plutchik-wheel.svg |
抑郁或忧郁（英语：Depression）是一种情绪低落和厌恶活动的状态。<ref>NIMH » Depression Basics. www.nimh.nih.gov. 2016 [2020-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-16）.</ref> 在医学上被归类为精神和行为障碍<ref>Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization: 30-1. [23 June 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-03-23）.</ref>，抑郁的经历会影响一个人的思想、行为、动机、感觉和幸福感。<ref>de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P. Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. October 2019, 28 (5): 544–562. PMC 7032752 可免费查阅. PMID 29769159. doi:10.1017/S2045796018000227 可免费查阅.</ref> 据称抑郁的核心症状是失乐，指的是对某些通常给人们带来快乐的活动失去兴趣或失去愉悦感。<ref name=":1">Gilbert P. Psychotherapy and counselling for depression 3rd. Los Angeles: Sage. 2007. ISBN 978-1849203494. OCLC 436076587.</ref> 抑郁情绪是某些情绪障碍的症状，如重度抑郁症或持续性忧郁症<ref name="DSM-5(2013)2">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013.</ref>；它是对生活事件的正常暂时反应，如失去亲人； 它也是一些身体疾病的症状，也是一些药物和医疗的副作用。 它可能表现为悲伤、难以思考和集中注意力，食欲和睡眠时间显著增加或减少。患有抑郁的人可能会感到沮丧、绝望、无助<ref>Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression. [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.</ref><ref>Depression (major depressive disorder). [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-05）. Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
</ref>和有自杀念头。<ref>NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-11）.</ref> 它可以是短期的，也可以是长期的情绪状态。
干预[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起，不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍，经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益，不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。<ref>Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.</ref>
体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。<ref>Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648 [2019-03-19]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. （原始内容存档于2021-03-01） （English）. </ref>
参见[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
参考文献[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
引用[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
| references-column-width
| references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|30em}} }}
| {{#if:
| references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if: 30em
| {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 30em > 1 }}
| -moz-column-width: {{#if:1|30em}}; -webkit-column-width: {{#if:1|30em}}; column-width: {{#if:1|30em}};
| -moz-column-count: {{#if:1|30em}}; -webkit-column-count: {{#if:1|30em}}; column-count: {{#if:1|30em}}; }}
| {{#if:
| -moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch:
| upper-alpha
| upper-roman
| lower-alpha
| lower-greek
| lower-roman = {{{group}}}
| #default = decimal}};">
<references group=""></references>来源[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
| references-column-width
| references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }}
| {{#if:
| references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if:
| {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}
| -moz-column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}};
| -moz-column-count: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; -webkit-column-count: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; column-count: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; }}
| {{#if:
| -moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }}">{{#if:
| - }}{{#if:
|
- {{
#if: American Psychiatric Association | American Psychiatric Association.
}}{{
#if:
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| [{{{chapterurl}}} {{#if:|| {{ #if: | [{{{trans_chapter}}}] }} }}] | {{ #if: | [{{{trans_chapter}}}] }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{chapterformat}}}]. | {{#if: | . | . }} }}
}}In: {{#ifeq: {{{editor}}} | - || {{{editor}}}. }}
}}{{
#if: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR
| {{
#if:
| [{{{url}}} {{#if:||
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR {{ #if: | [{{{trans_title}}}] }} }}]
| {{#if: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR | Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR }} {{
#if: | [{{{trans_title}}}] }}
}}
}}{{
#if:
| [{{
#if: | {{#if: | on }}
}}].
| {{#if:
| .
| {{#if: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR | . }}
}}
}}{{
#if:
| {{{edition}}} ed.
}}{{
#if: | {{{secondaryauthor}}}.
}}{{
#if:
| Vol. {{{volume}}}{{
#if: | , | .
}}
}}{{
#if: | {{{volumetitle}}}.
}}{{
#if: | {{{volumepagination}}}.
}}{{
#if: Washington, DC | Washington, DC:
}}{{
#if: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. | American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.;
}}{{
#if: 2000a | 2000a
}}{{
#if:
| [{{
#if:
| {{#if: | ; }}cited {{{accessdate}}}
}}]
}}{{
#if: 2000a | .
}}{{
#if: | {{{pagination}}}.
}}{{
#if: | {{{physicaldescription}}}.
}}{{
#if:
| ({{
#if: | .
}}{{{series}}}{{
#if:
| ; vol. {{{seriesvolume}}}
}}).
}}{{
#if: | {{{language}}}.
}}{{
#if:
| {{
#if:
| doi:{{{doi}}} (inactive {{{doi_brokendate}}}) {{
#ifeq: | | [[Category:Pages with DOIs broken since {{#time: Y | {{{doi_brokendate}}} }}]] }}
| doi:{{{doi}}} }}.
}}{{
#if: | {{{id}}}.
}}{{
#if: | ISBN {{{isbn}}}.
}}{{
#if: | OCLC {{{oclc}}}.
}}{{
#if: | "{{{quote}}}"
}}{{
#if:
| [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{
#if: | : {{{laysource}}}
}}{{#if: | , {{{laydate}}} }}.
}}{{
#if: | {{{notes}}}
}}{{
#if: | {{{chapterid}}},
}}{{
#if:
|| {{#if:
| {{
#if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{#if:|| {{ #if: | [{{{trans_chapter}}}] }} }}] | {{ #if: | [{{{trans_chapter}}}] }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{chapterformat}}}]. | {{#if: | . | . }} }}
}}
}}{{
#if:
| [{{
#if:
| {{
#if: | ; }}cited {{{chapteraccessdate}}}
}}].
}}{{
#if:
| p. {{{pages}}}.
}}{{
#if: | {{{chapterlanguage}}}.
}}
| ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lua错误 在Module:Authority_control的第772行：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value){{#switch:||Category={{#ifeq:|
|
|{{#ifeq:Lua错误 在Module:Wikidata的第446行：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)|
|
|
{{#ifeq:|Lua错误 在Module:Wikidata的第446行：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)
|
|
}}
}}
}}
}}