慰藉物

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慰藉物（英：Comfort object）或過渡物，是一種物件，用來提供心理上的慰藉，尤其是在不同尋常的環境裡。兒童在就寢時也常需要它們。對孩童來說，慰藉物可能是一塊毛巾（日語：安心毛布（日語：安心毛布）），一個填充玩具，等等。<ref>Iannelli, M.D., Dr. Vincent. Security and Comfort Objects. About.com. Dec 12, 2004 [2009-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-15）. </ref>

兒童心理發展[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

File:Objet transitionnel.svg
(a)母親, (b)孩子 (1)幻想, (2)過渡物

在兒童教育領域，常使用被稱作「過渡性客體」<ref>《心理與健康》. 且游且渡—沙盘游戏中的过渡性客体. 中國數字科技館. [2022-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2022-09-07）. </ref>（也稱「過渡性物體」<ref>作者：Endevelt-Shapira 來源：《科學進展》. 婴儿闻到母亲气味时会与陌生人关系更好. 科學網·論文. 2021-12-14 [2022-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2022-09-07）. </ref>）的事物，常見的如洋娃娃、泰迪熊、毛毯等，這通常可以在一定程度上從心理層面代替母親與孩子的關係。

成人後使用[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

成人也可能使用慰藉物。在一項2008年的研究中，研究者們發現索尼公司的AIBO機器寵物可以減少養老院裡老人們的孤獨感。<ref>Study: Dogs, Robots Cheer Elderly. Fox News. March 3, 2008 [2009-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2009-03-26）. </ref>

日本的成人有時用慰藉物來應對現代生活中的壓力。<ref>Security Blankets for Adults{{#switch:¬ 

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}}{{#if:|}} Kathi's Mental Health Review, March 25 2002</ref>

用於心理治療[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

在西方，有時填充玩具會被裝備在消防車或警車上，這樣可以為經歷事故乃至創傷性休克的受害者提供慰藉。

慈善機構常常會為災難的倖存者提供毛毯，被子等慰藉物。<ref>存檔副本. [2011-08-08]. （原始內容存檔於2011-08-13）. </ref>

心理學家正在進行用厚毛毯代替緊身衣的實驗。他們發現，有些罹患自閉症的兒童，在接觸到慰藉物後，會變得更加平靜，不那麼激動。<ref>存檔副本. [2014-10-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-06）. </ref>

流行文化[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

在查爾斯·舒茲所著的《花生漫畫》系列漫畫中，安全毯一詞被使用並流行開來。奈勒斯·潘貝魯特把一張毯子叫做「安全與幸福之毯」<ref name="#1">存檔副本. [2012-07-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-25）. </ref><ref name="#1"/>

慰藉物的概念在電視連續劇《老友記》中也被提到。"The One with the Pediatrician"一集中，羅斯提醒錢德勒，他帶了一張安全毯到大學裡。

參見[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

參考資料[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

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擴展閱讀[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Abram, J. (1996). The Language of Winnicott. A Dictionary of Winnicott’s Use of Words, Karnac Books, London
  • Dell』Orto, S. (2003). W.D. Winnicott and the transitional object in infancy. Pediatric Medicine Chirurgic 25(2), 106-112.
  • Mitchell, S. A., Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and beyond: A history of modern psychoanalytic thought. New York: Basic Books.
  • Passman, R. H. (1977). Providing attachment objects to facilitate learning and reduce distress: The effects of mothers and security blankets. Developmental Psychology, 13, 25-28.
  • Passman, R. H. (1987). Attachments to inanimate objects: Are children who have security blankets insecure? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 825-830.
  • Passman, R. H., & Halonen, J. S. (1979). A developmental survey of young children's attachments to inanimate objects. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 134, 165-178.
  • Passman, R. H., & Lautmann, L. A. (1982). Fathers', mothers', and security objects' effects on the responsiveness of young children during projective testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 310-312.
  • Winnicott, D.W. (1971). Playing and Reality, Routledge, London
  • Young, R. M. (1989). 'Transitional phenomena: production and consumption', in B. Richards, ed., Crises of the Self: Further Essays on Psychoanalysis and Politics. London: Free Association Books, pp. 57-72.
  • Young, R. M. (1994). Mental Space. London: Process Press.
  • Creature Comforts, People and Their Security Objects by Barbara Collopy O'Halloran and Photographed by Betty Udesen.


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