慰藉物

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慰藉物（英：Comfort object）或过渡物，是一种物件，用来提供心理上的慰藉，尤其是在不同寻常的環境裡。儿童在就寝时也常需要它们。对孩童来说，慰藉物可能是一块毛巾（日语：安心毛布（日语：安心毛布）），一个填充玩具，等等。<ref>Iannelli, M.D., Dr. Vincent. Security and Comfort Objects. About.com. Dec 12, 2004 [2009-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-15）. </ref>

儿童心理发展[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

File:Objet transitionnel.svg
(a)母亲, (b)孩子 (1)幻想, (2)过渡物

在儿童教育领域，常使用被称作“过渡性客体”<ref>《心理与健康》. 且游且渡—沙盘游戏中的过渡性客体. 中国数字科技馆. [2022-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-07）. </ref>（也称“过渡性物体”<ref>作者：Endevelt-Shapira 来源：《科学进展》. 婴儿闻到母亲气味时会与陌生人关系更好. 科学网·论文. 2021-12-14 [2022-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-07）. </ref>）的事物，常见的如洋娃娃、泰迪熊、毛毯等，这通常可以在一定程度上从心理层面代替母亲与孩子的关系。

成人后使用[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

成人也可能使用慰藉物。在一项2008年的研究中，研究者们发现索尼公司的AIBO机器宠物可以减少养老院里老人们的孤独感。<ref>Study: Dogs, Robots Cheer Elderly. Fox News. March 3, 2008 [2009-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-26）. </ref>

日本的成人有时用慰藉物来应对现代生活中的压力。<ref>Security Blankets for Adults{{#switch:¬ 

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}}{{#if:|}} Kathi's Mental Health Review, March 25 2002</ref>

用于心理治疗[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

在西方，有时填充玩具会被装备在消防车或警车上，这样可以为经历事故乃至创伤性休克的受害者提供慰藉。

慈善机构常常会为灾难的幸存者提供毛毯，被子等慰藉物。<ref>存档副本. [2011-08-08]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-13）. </ref>

心理学家正在进行用厚毛毯代替紧身衣的实验。他们发现，有些罹患自闭症的儿童，在接触到慰藉物后，会变得更加平静，不那么激动。<ref>存档副本. [2014-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）. </ref>

流行文化[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

在查尔斯·舒兹所著的《花生漫画》系列漫画中，安全毯一词被使用并流行开来。奈勒斯·潘贝鲁特把一张毯子叫做“安全与幸福之毯”<ref name="#1">存档副本. [2012-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）. </ref><ref name="#1"/>

慰藉物的概念在电视连续剧《老友记》中也被提到。"The One with the Pediatrician"一集中，罗斯提醒钱德勒，他带了一张安全毯到大学里。

参见[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

參考資料[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

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扩展阅读[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

  • Abram, J. (1996). The Language of Winnicott. A Dictionary of Winnicott’s Use of Words, Karnac Books, London
  • Dell’Orto, S. (2003). W.D. Winnicott and the transitional object in infancy. Pediatric Medicine Chirurgic 25(2), 106-112.
  • Mitchell, S. A., Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and beyond: A history of modern psychoanalytic thought. New York: Basic Books.
  • Passman, R. H. (1977). Providing attachment objects to facilitate learning and reduce distress: The effects of mothers and security blankets. Developmental Psychology, 13, 25-28.
  • Passman, R. H. (1987). Attachments to inanimate objects: Are children who have security blankets insecure? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 825-830.
  • Passman, R. H., & Halonen, J. S. (1979). A developmental survey of young children's attachments to inanimate objects. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 134, 165-178.
  • Passman, R. H., & Lautmann, L. A. (1982). Fathers', mothers', and security objects' effects on the responsiveness of young children during projective testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 310-312.
  • Winnicott, D.W. (1971). Playing and Reality, Routledge, London
  • Young, R. M. (1989). 'Transitional phenomena: production and consumption', in B. Richards, ed., Crises of the Self: Further Essays on Psychoanalysis and Politics. London: Free Association Books, pp. 57-72.
  • Young, R. M. (1994). Mental Space. London: Process Press.
  • Creature Comforts, People and Their Security Objects by Barbara Collopy O'Halloran and Photographed by Betty Udesen.


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