从众效应

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File:Circus-Parade white-bandwagon Jul09.jpg
乐队花车,任何人只要跳上车就能享受赞美,也是此比喻之由来

从众效应乐队花车效应(英语:Bandwagon effect)是指人们受到多数人的一致思想或行动影响,而跟从大众之思想或行为,常被称为“羊群效应”(英语:Herd mentality)。从众效应是诉诸群众谬误之基础。

乐队花车[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

从众效应又被称为“跟尾狗效应”,也就像是跟在别人身后的狗一样,自己不会作出决定<ref>Bandwagon. Dictionary.com. [2007年3月9日]. (原始内容存档于2007年3月12日). </ref>。参加者只要跳上了这台乐队花车,就能够轻松地享受游行中的音乐,又不用走路,也因此英文片语“{{#switch:en

|zh|gan|zh-yue = jumping on the bandwagon
|jp|jap = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:日文请使用ja
|gr = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:希腊文请使用elgre
|kp = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:朝鲜文请使用kokor
|po = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:波兰文请使用plpol
|sp = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:西班牙文请使用esspa
|cz = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:捷克文请使用cscze
|kz = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:哈萨克文请使用kkkaz
|dk = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:丹麦文请使用da
|unicode|ipa = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:请检查更正引用语言代码
|zh-classical = jumping on the bandwagon模板参数错误:文言文请使用zh-lzhlzh
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 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
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 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
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 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
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 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
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 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
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 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
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}}”(跳上乐队花车)就代表了“进入主流”。此片语首先在1848年的美国政府中,由林肯时代的一个小丑使用<ref>Dan Rice (1823-1901) - President Lincoln's Court Jester. [2007-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2007-04-10). </ref>。专业马戏团小丑丹·赖斯英语Dan Rice在为扎卡里·泰勒竞选宣传时,使用了乐队花车的音乐来吸引民众注目。当泰勒的宣传日益成功时,越来越多政客为求利益而投向了泰勒。1900年,威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩参选美国总统时,乐队花车已成为竞选不可或缺之一部份<ref>Bandwagon Effect. [2007年3月9日]. (原始内容存档于2007年10月18日). </ref>。

心理学实验[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

政治[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

选举中常见到从众效应:一些选民会投票给很可能胜出(或在传媒中如此宣称)的候选人,从而增加他们真的胜出之机会<ref>New Evidence About the Existence of a Bandwagon Effect in the Opinion Formation Process. International Political Science Review, Vol. 14, No. 2, 203-213 (1993). [2007年3月9日]. doi:10.1177/019251219301400204. (原始内容存档于2007年7月2日). </ref>。

经济[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

微观经济学里,从众效应影响需求和偏爱之间的互动<ref name="harvey">Harvey Leibenstein, "Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers' Demand," The Quarterly Journal of Economics (May 1950).</ref>。受从众效应影响下,当购买一件商品的人数增加,人们对它的偏爱也会增加。这种关系会影响供求理论所解释的现象,因为供求理论假设消费者只会按照价格和自己的个人偏爱来买产品,参见网路外部性。在证券交易市场中,从众效应可以使一只证券短时间内提升至一个不合理价位。参见技术分析

社会例证[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

参考资料[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

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相关条目[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

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