编辑“慰藉物”

'''慰藉物'''（英：Comfort object）或'''过渡物'''，是一种物件，用来提供[[心理]]上的慰藉，尤其是在不同寻常的環境裡。[[儿童]]在就寝时也常需要它们。对孩童来说，慰藉物可能是一块[[毛巾]]（日语：{{link-ja|安心毛布}}），一个[[填充玩具]]，等等。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.about.com/od/infantparentingtips/a/04_loveys.htm|title=Security and Comfort Objects|last=Iannelli, M.D.|first=Dr. Vincent|date=Dec 12, 2004|publisher=About.com|accessdate=2009-07-17|archive-date=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115085942/http://pediatrics.about.com/od/infantparentingtips/a/04_loveys.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 儿童心理发展 ==

[[Image:Objet transitionnel.svg|thumb|250px|(a)母亲, (b)孩子 (1)幻想, (2)过渡物]]

在儿童教育领域，常使用被称作“过渡性客体”<ref>{{cite web |author1=《心理与健康》 |title=且游且渡—沙盘游戏中的过渡性客体 |url=https://www.cdstm.cn/gallery/media/mkjx/xlyjk/201911/t20191108_930216.html |website=中国数字科技馆 |accessdate=2022-09-07 |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907215350/https://www.cdstm.cn/gallery/media/mkjx/xlyjk/201911/t20191108_930216.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>（也称“过渡性物体”<ref>{{cite web |author1=作者：Endevelt-Shapira 来源：《科学进展》 |title=婴儿闻到母亲气味时会与陌生人关系更好 |url=https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/2021/12/202112132218947168590.shtm |website=科学网·论文 |date=2021-12-14 |accessdate=2022-09-07 |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907071929/https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/2021/12/202112132218947168590.shtm |dead-url=no }}</ref>）的事物，常见的如[[洋娃娃]]、[[泰迪熊]]、毛毯等，这通常可以在一定程度上从心理层面代替母亲与孩子的关系。

== 成人后使用 ==
成人也可能使用慰藉物。在一项2008年的研究中，研究者们发现索尼公司的[[AIBO]]机器宠物可以减少养老院里老人们的孤独感。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,334529,00.html|title=Study: Dogs, Robots Cheer Elderly|date=March 3, 2008|publisher=Fox News|accessdate=2009-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326040313/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,334529,00.html|archive-date=2009-03-26|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

日本的成人有时用慰藉物来应对现代生活中的压力。<ref>[http://www.toddlertime.com/dx/regression/security.htm Security Blankets for Adults]{{Dead link}} Kathi's Mental Health Review, March 25 2002</ref>

==用于心理治疗== 
在西方，有时[[填充玩具]]会被装备在[[消防车]]或[[警车]]上，这样可以为经历事故乃至[[创伤性休克]]的受害者提供慰藉。

[[慈善机构]]常常会为灾难的幸存者提供毛毯，被子等慰藉物。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://crafthope.com/2011/05/security-blankets-for-tornado-survivors/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2011-08-08  |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813114500/http://crafthope.com/2011/05/security-blankets-for-tornado-survivors/ |archivedate=2011-08-13 }}</ref>

心理学家正在进行用厚毛毯代替[[紧身衣]]的实验。他们发现，有些罹患[[自闭症]]的儿童，在接触到慰藉物后，会变得更加平静，不那么激动。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ot-innovations.com/content/view/51/38/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2014-10-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006165621/http://www.ot-innovations.com/content/view/51/38/ |archivedate=2014-10-06 }}</ref>

== 流行文化 ==
在[[查尔斯·舒兹]]所著的《[[花生漫画]]》系列漫画中，'''安全毯'''一词被使用并流行开来。[[奈勒斯·潘贝鲁特]]把一张毯子叫做“安全与幸福之毯”<ref name="#1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/security-blanket.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225050129/https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/security-blanket.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="#1"/>

慰藉物的概念在电视连续剧《[[老友记]]》中也被提到。"The One with the Pediatrician"一集中，罗斯提醒钱德勒，他带了一张安全毯到大学里。

==参见==

* [[奶嘴]]

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

==扩展阅读==
* Abram, J. (1996). The Language of Winnicott. A Dictionary of Winnicott’s Use of Words, Karnac Books, London
* Dell’Orto, S. (2003). W.D. Winnicott and the transitional object in infancy. Pediatric Medicine Chirurgic 25(2), 106-112.
* Mitchell, S. A., Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and beyond: A history of modern psychoanalytic thought. New York: Basic Books. 
* Passman, R. H.  (1977).  Providing attachment objects to facilitate learning and reduce distress:  The effects of mothers and security blankets.  ''Developmental Psychology'', 13, 25-28.
* Passman, R. H.  (1987).  Attachments to inanimate objects: Are children who have security blankets insecure?  ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology'', 55, 825-830. 
* Passman, R. H., & Halonen, J. S.  (1979).  A developmental survey of young children's attachments to inanimate objects.  Journal of Genetic Psychology, 134, 165-178.
* Passman, R. H., & Lautmann, L. A.  (1982).  Fathers', mothers', and security objects' effects on the responsiveness of young children during projective testing.  ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology'', 50, 310-312.
* Winnicott, D.W. (1971). Playing and Reality, Routledge, London
* Young, R. M. (1989). 'Transitional phenomena: production and consumption', in B. Richards, ed., Crises of the Self: Further Essays on Psychoanalysis and Politics. London: [[Free Association Books]], pp. 57-72.
* Young, R. M. (1994).  Mental Space.  London: Process Press.
*''Creature Comforts, People and Their Security Objects'' by Barbara Collopy O'Halloran and Photographed by Betty Udesen.

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[[Category:心理学]]