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File:Disambig gray.svg  關於因色素沉澱所引發的皮膚、毛髮變黑的現象，請見「黑化症」。

黑度（Nigredo）又名黑化，在煉金術上意味着腐敗作用或者分解作用。煉金術士認為煉成賢者之石的第一步是所有煉金術的成分必須清洗和加熱成為一種相同的黑色物質。

在分析心理學上，這個短語成為「當個體面臨陰影時的靈魂的黑夜」的一個隱喻。

卡爾·榮格的見解[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

已故瑞士心理學家卡爾·榮格認為：「鍊金術的重新發現成為我心理學先鋒工作的一個重要部分。」

卡爾·榮格亦鑽研鍊金術，他和他的追隨者將鍊金術士的「黑化工作」和往往非常關鍵的自我經歷過的參與過程相比較，直到他接受了自我創造帶來的新平衡。

榮格精神分析法的信奉者從兩個主要的心理學意義上來解釋黑化：

  • 在第一個方面上，它代表了主體的一致無意識的初始狀態：「第一種黑化，即「天然的珠蚌」，是一種僅從外界可見的客觀狀態……是一種自己與物體之間，意識與潛意識之間無差別的潛意識狀態。」在這裏，主體「過於有意識」……事實上並未意識到潛意識，也就是與本能的聯繫。
  • 在第二個方面上，「另一方面，個性化過程的黑化是指，由主體的痛苦而進一步意識到自己的陰暗面時，所主觀地經歷的過程。」這個被描敘為絕望的最深淵，是個人發展的一個前提條件。隨着個性化的展現，「與陰暗的對抗首先產生一個死平衡，即一個阻礙道德決定和使信仰無力甚至不存在的停頓……黑化、陰暗、混沌、憂鬱症。這是最黑暗的時刻，一個絕望、幻滅、嫉妒的攻擊的時刻；一個厄洛斯與超我勢不兩立，而且無法向前的時刻……黑化，即黑暗。」隨後而來的是一種對稱：「黑化」給白化（英語：-{Albedo (alchemy)）提供了可能……深入無意識的下降突然變得從上面照亮。

練成（英語：Magnum_opus_(alchemy)）的後面幾步包括如白化、黃化（英語：Citrinitas）和紅化。榮格也發現許多其他鍊金術概念的心理學上的等同物：分析工作的特點等同於作品；分析關係的參照等同於血管或容器；分析過程的目標等同於化合或者衝突的對立面的結合。

取自 "https://positive.wiki/index.php?title=黑度&oldid=258"