血型性格学说
血型人格理论（英语：Blood type personality theory）<ref>Davis, Matt. What is the Japanese blood type theory of personality?. Big Think. 25 March 2019 [19 July 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-09）.</ref>，或称血型性格学说等，是一种盛行于日本和韩国等地的伪科学信仰，它指出一个人所属的血型系统可以预测一个人的性格、气质和与他人的兼容性。<ref name="AP">Yamaguchi, Mari. Myth about Japan blood types under attack. MediResource Inc. 6 May 2005 [29 December 2007]. （原始内容存档于28 December 2009）.</ref> 该理论通常被科学界认为是一种迷信，类似于西方的占星术信仰。
日本发展血型人格指标理论的原因之一是对德国科学家埃米尔·冯·邓恩 (Emil von Dungern) 的声称的反应，即拥有B型血的人是劣等的。<ref>Takeji Furukawa (1927), 血液型と気质 Blood Type and Temperament - in Europe, type A was more common than type B, while in Asia type B was more prevalent. Von Dungren claimed A people are superior to B people. Because Asia had more B people than some parts of Europe, the inference was that Asia was inferior (along with European B's) A Japanese scholar, Takeji Furukawa opposed that idea and asserted that B persons were active while A persons were passive.</ref> 流行的信仰起源于 1970 年代能见正比古的出版物。
尽管已经提出了一些医学假设来支持血型人格理论<ref>Tsuchimine, Shoko; Saruwatari, Junji; Kaneda, Ayako; Yasui-Furukori, Norio. ABO Blood Type and Personality Traits in Healthy Japanese Subjects. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (5): e0126983. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1026983T. PMC 4433257 可免费查阅. PMID 25978647. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126983 可免费查阅.</ref>，科学界普遍认为血型人格理论是迷信或伪科学，因为缺乏（符合科学标准的）证据或可供（科学式）检验的标准。<ref name="AP2">Yamaguchi, Mari. Myth about Japan blood types under attack. MediResource Inc. 6 May 2005 [29 December 2007]. （原始内容存档于28 December 2009）.</ref><ref>Dating by blood type in Japan. [2021-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-04）.</ref><ref name="Nuwer">Nuwer, Rachel. You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some believe blood type dictates personality. Scientific American. [16 February 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-18）.</ref> 尽管对血型和性格之间因果关系的研究是有限的，但大多数现代研究并未证明两者之间有任何统计学上的显著关联。<ref name="cramer">Cramer, K. M., & Imaike, E. (2002). Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model. Personality and individual differences, 32(4), 621-626.</ref><ref name="rogers">Rogers, M., & Glendon, A. I. (2003). Blood type and personality. Personality and individual differences, 34(7), 1099-1112.</ref><ref name="wu">Wu, K., Lindsted, K. D., & Lee, J. W. (2005). Blood type and the five factors of personality in Asia. Personality and individual differences, 38(4), 797-808.</ref><ref name="nawata">Kengo Nawata (2014), No relationship between blood type and personality: Evidence from large-scale surveys in Japan and the US {{#if:||（}}页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆{{#if:||）}}, The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 85(2), 148-156.</ref> 一些研究表明，血型和性格之间存在统计学上的显著关系，尽管尚不清楚这是否仅仅是由于自我实现的预言。<ref name="sakamoto2004">Sakamoto, A., & Yamazaki, K. (2004), Blood-typical personality stereotypes and self-fulfilling prophecy: A natural experiment with time-series data of 1978–1988. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2016-01-22., Progress in Asian Social Psychology, Vol. 4, 239–262.</ref><ref name="sakamoto1992">Yamazaki, K., & Sakamoto, A. (1992), 血液型ステレオタイプによる自己成就现象II－全国调查の时系列分析－ The self-fulfillment phenomenon generated by blood-typical personality stereotypes: time-series analysis of nation-wide survey II, Paper presented at the 33rd annual convention of the Japanese society of social psychology. Tokyo (pp. 342-345).</ref><ref name="nagashima">Cosy Muto, Masahiro Nagashima et. al. (2011), A Demonstrative and Critical Study on Pseudo-science for Scientific Literacy Construction at Teacher Education Course{{#switch:¬
|¬={{#if:
{{#ifeq: | true
| dontcat
}}{{#ifeq: | no
| dontcat
}}{{#switch: ¬
| yes
| ¬ =
| #default = dontcat
}}{{#switch:
| no =
{{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
}}
| basepage =
| subpage = dontcat
| subsubpage = dontcat
}}
| only =
{{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
}}
| basepage = dontcat
| subpage = | subsubpage = }}
}}
| |
{{#switch:
{{#ifeq: | false
|
| {{#ifeq: | yes
|
| {{#ifeq: | yes
|
| {{#if:x
|
{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{#if:| | 血型性格學說 }}|0|2}}
|
|
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
| hide =
| #default =
{{#ifeq: h0#384!5nea+w9 |
|
{{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| {{#ifeq:|talk
| talk
|
}}
}}
}}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|血型性格学说}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
|n
|false
|f
|否
|0 =
| =
|¬ =
|yes
|y
|true
|t
|是
|1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }}
|
{{#iferror: {{#expr: 1 + {{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| {{#ifeq:|talk
| talk
|
}}
}}
}}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|血型性格學說}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
|n
|false
|f
|否
|0 =
| =
|¬ =
|yes
|y
|true
|t
|是
|1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} }} | {{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| {{#ifeq:|talk
| talk
|
}}
}}
}}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|血型性格學說}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
|n
|false
|f
|否
|0 =
| =
|¬ =
|yes
|y
|true
|t
|是
|1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} | }}
}} }}
}}
|SUBST=
}}{{#if:
{{#ifeq: | true
| dontcat
}}{{#ifeq: | no
| dontcat
}}{{#switch: ¬
| yes
| ¬ =
| #default = dontcat
}}{{#switch: no
| no =
{{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
}}
| basepage =
| subpage = dontcat
| subsubpage = dontcat
}}
| only =
{{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|3}}
| subsubpage
| {{#if:{{#titleparts:血型性格學說|0|2}}
| subpage
| basepage
}}
}}
}}
| basepage = dontcat
| subpage = | subsubpage = }}
}}
| |
{{#switch:
{{#ifeq: | false
|
| {{#ifeq: | yes
|
| {{#ifeq: | yes
|
| {{#if:x
|
{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{#if:| | 血型性格學說 }}|0|2}}
|
|
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
| hide =
| #default =
{{#ifeq: h0#384!5nea+w9 | {{#if:带有失效链接的条目
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}带有失效链接的条目]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}带有失效链接的条目|
|
}}
}}
}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}|
|
}}
}}
}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}|
|
}}
}}
}}
|
{{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| {{#ifeq:|talk
| talk
|
}}
}}
}}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|血型性格學說}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
|n
|false
|f
|否
|0 =
| =
|¬ =
|yes
|y
|true
|t
|是
|1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }}
|
{{#iferror: {{#expr: 1 + {{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| {{#ifeq:|talk
| talk
|
}}
}}
}}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|血型性格學說}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
|n
|false
|f
|否
|0 =
| =
|¬ =
|yes
|y
|true
|t
|是
|1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = {{#if:带有失效链接的条目
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}带有失效链接的条目]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}带有失效链接的条目|
|
}}
}}
}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}|
|
}}
}}
}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}|
|
}}
}}
}}}}
| talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = {{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|血型性格学说||{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}||}}}}}} | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} }} | {{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| {{#ifeq:|talk
| talk
|
}}
}}
}}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|血型性格學說}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
|n
|false
|f
|否
|0 =
| =
|¬ =
|yes
|y
|true
|t
|是
|1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{字词转换器深度越限（10）{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch:
|#default = Str mid
| =
{{#ifeq: |
| Template:Str mid
| Str mid
}}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = {{#if:带有失效链接的条目
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}带有失效链接的条目]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}带有失效链接的条目|
|
}}
}}
}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}|
|
}}
}}
}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
}}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}
|{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}|
|
}}
}}
}}}}
| talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = {{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|血型性格学说||{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}|January 2018|{{#time:Y年n月|January 2018}}}}||}}}}}} | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} | }}
}} }}
}}{{#if:
|[{{#if:
|{{{pre-text}}}
}}{{#if:
|{{{post-text}}}
}}]|[{{#if: |-{zh:失效連結;zh-tw:失效連結;zh-cn:失效链接|{{#if:yes|永久失效链接|失效链接}}}}]
}}{{#if:yes|}}, FY2011 Final Research Report from the Database of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research - neither exact number of samples nor years was specified in the report</ref>然而，最近使用人工智能的研究证实了血型和性格之间的显著关系，即使是对性格没有了解的人也是如此。与此相反，事实证明，人格测试也很难确认显著的关系。<ref>{{
#if:
|Template:Citation/patent |Masayuki Kanazawa, Pilot Analysis of Genetic Effects on Personality Test Scores with AI: ABO Blood Type in Japan, 2023 [2023-03-11], （原始内容存档于2023-03-27） }}</ref><ref>{{
#if:
|Template:Citation/patent |Masayuki Kanazawa, A Pilot Study Using AI for Psychology: ABO Blood Type and Personality Traits, 2021 [2021-04-10], （原始内容存档于2021-04-07） }}</ref>
历史[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
1900年，奥地利维也纳大学病理研究所的生物学家卡尔·兰德施泰纳，发现了ABO血型系统。随后，1910至1911年，波兰人希尔斯菲尔德和德国人冯·登格恩发现了ABO血型系统的遗传性。
在昭和年间，这个学说传入日本。1927年，东京女子高等师范学校（今御茶水女子大学）的教授古川竹二，在学术期刊《心理研究》上，发表一篇论文“基于血型的气质研究”（血液型による気质の研究），首次提出人类血型与人类先天的性格有关。他的研究引起日本社会的关注与兴趣，但是他的研究样本不到三十个人，在统计学上的可靠性不高。
日本陆军对他的研究很感兴趣，赞助他的研究，希望找出最好的血型组合，来组织军队。因台湾雾社事件影响，1932年，古川竹二再度发表论文，研究各族群间的血型差异，希望找出台湾原住民反抗的原因。他认为，参与反抗运动的台湾人以O型居多，他们反抗心较强烈。他建议日本政府，让日本人与台湾人通婚，以减少台湾人反抗的基因（因日本人A型血最多）。但他的研究结果，受到金泽医科大学古畑种基教授的质疑，认为缺少科学性，因此逐渐不再流行。
二次世界大战结束后，1971年，能见正比古出版著作，再度介绍血型与性格间的关系，成为热门著作。因此，血型性格学说，再度广泛在日本社会中流行，并外传至韩国、中国等地。能见正比古去世后，他的儿子能见俊贤设立了“人类科学ABO中心 {{#if:||（}}页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆{{#if:||）}}”活动。
科学研究[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
医学界一般认为血型性格学说缺少可信度，因为在目前的研究中，还没有发现血型可以影响到大脑神经系统运作，以及影响到思考、人格形成的证据，血型性格学说也没有提供对于血型如何影响到大脑的科学解释。然而，2022 年，科学杂志《自然》发表了三篇关于 ABO 血型和肠道微生物群的论文<ref>{{
#if:
|Template:Citation/patent |Yang H; et al, ABO genotype alters the gut microbiota by regulating GalNAc levels in pigs, 2022 [2023-03-11], （原始内容存档于2023-03-11） }}</ref><ref>{{
#if:
|Template:Citation/patent |Qin Y; et al, Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort, 2022 [2023-03-11], （原始内容存档于2023-09-26） }}</ref><ref>{{
#if:
|Template:Citation/patent |Lopera-Maya EA; et al, Effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome in 7,738 participants of the Dutch Microbiome Project, 2022 [2023-03-11], （原始内容存档于2023-03-14） }}</ref>，表明细菌丰度的差异与抑郁症和精神疾病存在因果关系。
相关流行文化[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
参考资料[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
| references-column-width
| references-column-count references-column-count{{{1}}}}} }}
| {{#if: 30em
| references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if:
| {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}
| -moz-column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}};
| -moz-column-count: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; -webkit-column-count: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; column-count: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; }}
| {{#if: 30em
| -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch:
| upper-alpha
| upper-roman
| lower-alpha
| lower-greek
| lower-roman = {{{group}}}
| #default = decimal}};">
<references group=""></references>- 古川竹二 ‘血液型と気质’ (1932) 血型和気质
- 能见正比古 ‘血液型でわかる相性―伸ばす相手、こわす相手’ (1971) 使由于血型知道的相互适合性-得到提高的対方,弄坏的対方
- 能见正比古 ‘血液型人间学―あなたを幸せにする性格分析’ (1973) 血型人类学-你幸福的性格分析
- 大村政男 ‘血液型と性格’ (1990 ISBN 457124021X, 1998 ISBN 4571240341, 2012 ISBN 4571240481) 血型和性格
- 前川辉光 ‘血液型人间学―运命との対话’ (1998) ISBN 4879841951 血型人类学-与命运的対话
- 松田薫 ‘“血液型と性格”の社会史―血液型人类学の起源と展开’ (1991 4309241247/9784309241241, 1994 ISBN 4309241247/ISBN 430924145X) 血型和性格的社会史-血型人类学的起源和展开
- 白佐俊宪・井口拓自 ‘血液型性格研究入门―血液型と性格は関系ないと言えるか’ (1993) ISBN 4761005076 血型性格研究入门-血型和性格能说没有関系吗？
- 山冈重行 ‘ダメな大人にならないための心理学’ (2001) ISBN 4892426652 用来不成为不行的大人的心理学
- 金泽正由树 ‘统计でわかる 血液型人间学入门’ (2014) 4779011094/9784779011092 用统计知道的血型人类学入门
- Nawata K (2014), No relationship between blood type and personality: Evidence from large-scale surveys in Japan and the US {{#if:||（}}页面存档备份，存于-{字词转换器深度越限（10）zh-cn:互联网档案馆;zh-tw:互联网档案馆;zh-hk:互联网档案馆;zh-sg:互联网档案馆;{{#if:||）}}, Japanese Journal of Psychology, 85, 2, 148-156.
延伸阅读[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- PanSci 泛科学：科学·巴莱：雾社事件催生“血型性格说” {{#if:||（}}页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆{{#if:||）}}
- 人类科学ABO中心(Human Science ABO Center) {{#if:||（}}页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆{{#if:||）}}{{#ifexist:Template:ISO 639 name ja
|（日語） |Template:Error（說明）如果在角色介紹看到此訊息，請參考這個條目修改原始碼。
}}
| ||||||||||||||||||||||