相互決定論

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}} 相互決定論（{{#switch:en 

|zh|gan|zh-yue = Reciprocal determinism
|jp|jap = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：日文請使用ja
|gr = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：希臘文請使用el或gre
|kp = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：朝鮮文請使用ko或kor
|po = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：波蘭文請使用pl或pol
|sp = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：西班牙文請使用es或spa
|cz = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：捷克文請使用cs或cze
|kz = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：哈薩克文請使用kk或kaz
|dk = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：丹麥文請使用da
|unicode|ipa = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：請檢查更正引用語言代碼
|zh-classical = Reciprocal determinism模板參數錯誤：文言文請使用zh-lzh或lzh
|#default = Reciprocal determinism}}{{#switch:en
|ar|arc|arz|az|ckb|dv|fa|glk|ha|he|ks|ku|mzn|pnb|ps|ug|ur|yi = ‎
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
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}}），是行為科學的理論，由班杜那提出。

根據這個觀點，環境會決定人的行為，人的行為亦會決定環境。環境會塑造一個人的認知結構，像信念及期望。而人的認知結構(信念及期望)又會決定一個人的行為，而人的行為又會改變環境。在這個過程中，這三個元素(認知結構、外顯行為、環境)會互相影響<ref>Psychology: An International Perspective by Michael W. Eysenck, p. 473.</ref><ref>Bandura, Albert (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-815614-5{{ safesubst:#ifeq:| 

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}}</ref>。

他認為上述兩種說法均不完善，若誠如他們所言，便無法了解外界環境和人的內心會產生何種交互作用。事實上人的性格確實會受環境塑造；而後者同時也會依據前者的表現而決定。前面提到的三個因素(行為、性格與環境)應如同「雙向道」般，是互為因果，彼此影響、互相決定的；利用這個原則，班杜拉認為可以解答長久以來在性格歷程中關於因果關係的疑問。

行為遺傳學是一個相對不成熟的領域，它試圖去證明基因和環境二者都對人類行為的個體差異造成影響。

參考[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

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取自「https://positive.wiki/index.php?title=相互決定論&oldid=302」