消費行為

消費行為（英語：Consumer Behavior）又稱消費者行為，硏究對象是個人、家庭、團體或組織：他們去選擇、保存，使用和處置產品、服務，經驗或想法，以滿足需求，而這些過程對消費者和社會有所影響<ref>Kuester, Sabine (2012): MKT 301: Strategic Marketing & Marketing in Specific Industry Contexts, University of Mannheim, p. 110.</ref>。它融合了心理學、社會學、社會人類學，市場學和經濟學的元素，試圖了解買方的決策過程，包括個人及團體：例如情緒如何影響購買行為。它研究個體消費者的特徵，如人口結構及行為變數，以了解人們的需求，還試圖評估家庭、朋友、運動，參照群體和一般社會群體對消費者的影響<ref>Lynn R. Kahle, Angeline G. Close. Consumer Behavior Knowledge for Effective Sports and Event Marketing. New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-87358-1. </ref> <ref>Elizabeth A. Minton, Lynn R. Khale. Belief Systems, Religion, and Behavioral Economics. New York: Business Expert Press LLC. 2014. ISBN 978-1-60649-704-3. </ref>。

消費者行為的研究涉及購買行為的所有方面，從購買前的活動到購買後的消費、評價和處理活動。它還涉及直接或間接參與購買決定和消費活動的所有人，包括品牌影響者和意見領袖。研究表明，即使是該領域的專家，消費者行為也很難預測。

黑盒子模型（英語：{{#switch:en

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}}）假設有一個黑色的盒子，無法打開以「看看裏面」是如何運作的，在一切將有可能發生的基礎上，發生了什麼事（輸入），經過裏面的運作，可以產生什麼的結果（輸出）。它顯示消費者的特點、刺激因素，決策過程及消費者反應的相互作用<ref name="sandhusen218">Sandhusen, Richard L.: Marketing (2000). Cf. S. 218 {{#if:||（}}頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館{{#if:||）}}</ref>。

環境因素		買方的黑盒子		買方的反應
營銷刺激	環境刺激	買方特點	決策過程	買方的反應
產品價格地點促銷	經濟技術政治文化人口自然	態度動機感知個性生活方式知識	問題識別訊息搜尋方法評估購買決定購買後行為	產品選擇品牌選擇零售商選擇購買時間購買數量

黑盒子模型考慮到買方的反應是：有意識的、理性的，並假定買方已經意識到一個問題，透過一個決策過程可達到消費的目標。

決策過程[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

買方或消費者的決策過程，使用於市場交易以前、進行中，或在購買商品或服務之後。

信息搜尋（英語：{{#switch:en

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   }}
 | hide = 
 | #default  = 
   {{#ifeq: h0#384!5nea+w9 |  [[Category:含有{{#switch:en
 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
   |英語
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
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   |非中文內容
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
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   }}
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}}）一旦消費者已經意識到一個問題，他們會搜尋有關產品及服務的信息，以解決該問題<ref>Belch, G.E., and Belch, M.A. (2007), Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, Seventh Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.</ref>。

方法評估（英語：{{#switch:en

|zh|gan|zh-yue = Alternative evaluation
|jp|jap = -{Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：日文請使用ja
|gr = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：希臘文請使用el或gre
|kp = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：朝鮮文請使用ko或kor
|po = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：波蘭文請使用pl或pol
|sp = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：西班牙文請使用es或spa
|cz = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：捷克文請使用cs或cze
|kz = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：哈薩克文請使用kk或kaz
|dk = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：丹麥文請使用da
|unicode|ipa = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：請檢查更正引用語言代碼
|zh-classical = Alternative evaluation模板參數錯誤：文言文請使用zh-lzh或lzh
|#default = Alternative evaluation}}{{#switch:en
|ar|arc|arz|az|ckb|dv|fa|glk|ha|he|ks|ku|mzn|pnb|ps|ug|ur|yi = ‎
|#default = }}{{#if:
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| basepage =

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| subsubpage = dontcat

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 {{#switch:
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 | hide = 
 | #default  = 
   {{#ifeq: h0#384!5nea+w9 |  [[Category:含有{{#switch:en
 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
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|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:25_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{字词转换器深度越限（10）{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: 
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|1        = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:25_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: 
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|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:25_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: 
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
   |英語
   |非中文內容
   }}
 }}的條目]]}}

| talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} }} | {{#switch:

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   | {{{demospace}}}
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 |消費行為}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no
|no
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|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:25_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: 
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
   |英語
   |非中文內容
   }}
 }}的條目]]}}

| talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} | }}

   }}
 }}

}}）這時消費者在被誘發的一系列品牌及產品中進行比較，考慮到一定數量的方法。

購買決定（英語：{{#switch:en

|zh|gan|zh-yue = Purchase decision
|jp|jap = -{Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：日文請使用ja
|gr = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：希臘文請使用el或gre
|kp = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：朝鮮文請使用ko或kor
|po = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：波蘭文請使用pl或pol
|sp = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：西班牙文請使用es或spa
|cz = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：捷克文請使用cs或cze
|kz = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：哈薩克文請使用kk或kaz
|dk = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：丹麥文請使用da
|unicode|ipa = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：請檢查更正引用語言代碼
|zh-classical = Purchase decision模板參數錯誤：文言文請使用zh-lzh或lzh
|#default = Purchase decision}}{{#switch:en
|ar|arc|arz|az|ckb|dv|fa|glk|ha|he|ks|ku|mzn|pnb|ps|ug|ur|yi = ‎
|#default = }}{{#if:
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| basepage =

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| subsubpage = dontcat

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| basepage = dontcat

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}}

| |

 {{#switch:
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     |   
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|

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}}

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     }}
   }}
 | hide = 
 | #default  = 
   {{#ifeq: h0#384!5nea+w9 |  [[Category:含有{{#switch:en
 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
   |英語
   |非中文內容
   }}
 }}的條目]]}}

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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
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 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
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 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
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}}）為方案進行了評估之後，消費者是願意做出購買決定。有時，雖然有購買意慾但不導致實際購買<ref>Lynn R. Kahle, Pierre Valette-Florence. -{R|Marketplace Lifestyles in an Age of Social Media. New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 2012. ISBN 978-0-7656-2561-8. </ref>。

購買後行為（英語：{{#switch:en

|zh|gan|zh-yue = Post-purchase behavior
|jp|jap = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：日文請使用ja
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|po = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：波蘭文請使用pl或pol
|sp = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：西班牙文請使用es或spa
|cz = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：捷克文請使用cs或cze
|kz = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：哈薩克文請使用kk或kaz
|dk = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：丹麥文請使用da
|unicode|ipa = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：請檢查更正引用語言代碼
|zh-classical = Post-purchase behavior模板參數錯誤：文言文請使用zh-lzh或lzh
|#default = Post-purchase behavior}}{{#switch:en
|ar|arc|arz|az|ckb|dv|fa|glk|ha|he|ks|ku|mzn|pnb|ps|ug|ur|yi = ‎
|#default = }}{{#if:
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 | hide = 
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 |ar       = 阿拉伯語
 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
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 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:含有英語的條目
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 |en|eng   = 英語
 |es       = Template:ISO 639 name es
 |de       = 德語
 |fr       = 法語
 |ja|jp|jap= 日語
 |bg       = Template:ISO 639 name bg
 |cs       = Template:ISO 639 name cs
 |da       = Template:ISO 639 name da
 |nl       = Template:ISO 639 name nl
 |et       = Template:ISO 639 name et
 |fi       = Template:ISO 639 name fi
 |el|gre   = 希臘語
 |hu       = Template:ISO 639 name hu
 |ga       = Template:ISO 639 name ga
 |grc      = 古希臘語
 |kr       = Template:ISO 639 name kr
 |la|lat   = 拉丁語
 |cy       = Template:ISO 639 name cy
 |sl|slv   = Template:ISO 639 name sl
 |zh-yue|yue = Template:ISO 639 name zh-yue
 |zh|zh-hans|zh-hant|zh-cn|zh-tw|zh-hk|zh-sg|zh-mo|zh-my|zh-hani = 明確引用中文
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}}）法索（2005）<ref>Foxall, G. (2005.) Understanding Consumer Choice. Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan.</ref>進一步表明了購買後評價的重要，這會對未來的購買模式有所影響。購買後行為是消費者決策過程的一個階段。在該階段，消費者根據他們是否滿意在購買產品之後採取進一步的行動。它包括一些在產品使用後可能產生的心理活動以及消費者發生在購買以後的典型行為。

　　針對消費者的這些心理活動和行為，營銷人員在消費者購買之後可採取相應措施來增加消費者的滿意和未來的銷售。可能有滿意及不滿意，造成此因素為期望理論有關，消費者可能造成認知失調，進而影響購後行為的滿意程度。

其他影響[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

消費行為被內部條件影響，例如人口結構、心理變數（生活方式）、性格、動機、知識、態度，信仰和情感的影響。心理因素包括個人的動機、感知、態度和信念；而個人因素則包括收入水平、性格、年齡，職業和生活方式。

參見[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

參考文獻[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

1 }}

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消費行為

目次

決策過程[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

其他影響[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

參見[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

參考文獻[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

導覽菜單

心理學
The Greek letter 'psi', a symbol for psychology
大綱歷史 [[:{{#if:心理學的子領域\|心理學的子領域\|Subfields of psychology}}\|子領域]]（英語：Subfields of psychology）
[[:{{#if:心理學基礎\|心理學基礎\|Basic science (psychology)}}\|{{#if:心理學基礎\|心理學基礎\|Basic science (psychology)}}]]（英語：Basic science (psychology)） {{#if:\|{{{content}}} }} 異常心理學行為遺傳學生物心理學心理藥物學認知心理學比較心理學跨文化心理學文化心理學 [[:{{#if:差異心理學\|差異心理學\|Differential psychology}}\|{{#if:差異心理學\|差異心理學\|Differential psychology}}]]（英語：Differential psychology）發展心理學演化心理學實驗心理學數學心理學神經心理學人格心理學正面心理學 [[:{{#if:定量心理學\|定量心理學\|Quantitative psychology}}\|{{#if:定量心理學\|定量心理學\|Quantitative psychology}}]]（英語：Quantitative psychology）社會心理學
應用心理學 {{#if:\|{{{content}}} }} 應用行為分析心理語言學臨床心理學社區心理學消費行為諮商心理學批判社區心理學教育心理學環境心理學人因工程學法庭心理學健康心理學人本主義心理學工業與組織心理學 [[:{{#if:本體解釋學\|本體解釋學\|Ontological hermeneutics}}\|{{#if:本體解釋學\|本體解釋學\|Ontological hermeneutics}}]]（英語：Ontological hermeneutics）法庭心理學經濟心理學 [[:{{#if:醫學心理學\|醫學心理學\|Medical psychology}}\|{{#if:醫學心理學\|醫學心理學\|Medical psychology}}]]（英語：Medical psychology） [[:{{#if:軍事心理學\|軍事心理學\|Military psychology}}\|{{#if:軍事心理學\|軍事心理學\|Military psychology}}]]（英語：Military psychology）音樂心理學 [[:{{#if:職業健康心理學\|職業健康心理學\|Occupational health psychology}}\|{{#if:職業健康心理學\|職業健康心理學\|Occupational health psychology}}]]（英語：Occupational health psychology）政治心理學宗教心理學 [[:{{#if:學校心理學\|學校心理學\|School psychology}}\|{{#if:學校心理學\|學校心理學\|School psychology}}]]（英語：School psychology）運動心理學交通心理學
[[:{{#if:Category:心理學列表\|Category:心理學列表\|Category:Psychology lists}}\|心理學列表]]（英語：Category:Psychology lists） {{#if:\|{{{content}}} }} [[:{{#if:心理學學科列表\|心理學學科列表\|List of psychology disciplines}}\|{{#if:心理學學科列表\|心理學學科列表\|List of psychology disciplines}}]]（英語：List of psychology disciplines） [[:{{#if:心理學組織列表\|心理學組織列表\|List of psychology organizations}}\|{{#if:心理學組織列表\|心理學組織列表\|List of psychology organizations}}]]（英語：List of psychology organizations）心理學家列表 [[:{{#if:心理治療列表\|心理治療列表\|List of psychotherapies}}\|{{#if:心理治療列表\|心理治療列表\|List of psychotherapies}}]]（英語：List of psychotherapies） [[:{{#if:心理學重要著作列表\|心理學重要著作列表\|List of important publications in psychology}}\|{{#if:心理學重要著作列表\|心理學重要著作列表\|List of important publications in psychology}}]]（英語：List of important publications in psychology）心理學研究方法列表心理學學派列表心理學的時間表 [[:{{#if:心理學文章索引\|心理學文章索引\|Index of psychology articles}}\|{{#if:心理學文章索引\|心理學文章索引\|Index of psychology articles}}]]（英語：Index of psychology articles）
32x28px}} 心理學主題 32x28px}} 神經科學主題 32x28px}} 醫學主題 32x28px}} 社會主題
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