憂鬱認知三角
| 此條目翻譯品質不佳{{#if:|，原文在[[:{{{1}}}]]}}。 (2019年3月29日) |
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憂鬱認知三角<ref name=":0">Gross, Richard. Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour 7th Edition. Hodder Education. 2015: 796, 797. ISBN 978-1471829734.</ref><ref>Cardwell, Flanagan, Mike, Cara. Psychology A Level Year 1 and AS: The Complete Companion Student Book. OUP. 2015: 108. ISBN 978-0-19-833864-2.</ref> （英語：negative triad）是一個認知治療角度的三個關鍵要素的去理解患有憂鬱症人們的認知問題。它由亞倫·貝克在1976年提出。<ref>Beck, Aaron, T.; Rush, A. John; Shaw, Brian F.; Emery, Gary. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0898629194.</ref>，為其關於憂鬱症的認知理論之一部分<ref>Overview of Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression. www.personalityresearch.org. [2016-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2009-02-14）.</ref> 和概念的一部分用作認知行為療法，特別是在貝克的"治療的負面自動的想法"(TNAT)的方法。
該三角指人們有自動、自然的，無法控制的消極思想"<ref>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | CBT | Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org. [2016-10-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-26）.</ref>對於以下方面 ：
貝克憂鬱認知模型[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
憂鬱的人往往視自己看作是無人愛、無奈、註定要失敗或缺失的。 他們往往歸因於他們的不愉快的經驗，並推及至其身體、精神和/或道德也欠缺。<ref>Beck, Aaron T.; Steer, Robert A.; Beck, Judith S.; Newman, Cory F. Hopelessness, Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Clinical Diagnosis of Depression. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 1993-06-01, 23 (2): 139–145 [2019-03-29]. ISSN 1943-278X. doi:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00378.x (不活躍 2019-02-22). （原始內容存檔於2016-11-05） （English）.</ref> 他們往往感到過於內疚，認為自己是毫無價值的、應受到譴責和被自己和他人排斥。 他們也可能有一個時期認為自己是如何都不能取得成功、受其他人接受，或對自己感覺良好。這些想法可能導致去孤立自己，進一步惡化他們的情緒。<ref name=":1">Sadock, Sadock, Ruiz, Benjamin J., Virginia Alcott, Pedro. Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2009. ISBN 9780781768993.</ref>
認知扭曲[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
貝克提出的那些與憂鬱症的發展 認知的扭曲，一種類型的 認知偏誤。 貝克稱這些偏見作為"自動的想法"，表明他們是不是能完全靠個人意識所控制。 憂鬱的人往往會迅速忽視他們的好的一要，並貶低自己的成至輕微或者毫無意義。 他們也可能會曲解別人對自己照顧、善意。他們也可以認為別人是可憐自己及怕別人知道自己的真實一面而累積更多內疚感覺。不同的認知扭曲令到情況更差。
消極的自我基模[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
貝克還認為，一個憂鬱的人往往從童年經驗得到一個負面自我圖式。<ref>Overview of Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression. www.personalityresearch.org. [2016-10-04]. （原始內容存檔於2009-02-14）.</ref> 這個概念可能來自負面的早期經驗，例如被人批評，濫用或欺凌。<ref>Explaining Depression - Beck's Cognitive Triad | Psychology | tutor2u. www.tutor2u.net. [2016-10-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-16）.</ref> 貝克表明，人的消極的自我基模都令人們更向差的方面理解事情。