神經語言規劃
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神經語言規劃(英語:Neuro-Linguistic Programming,簡稱NLP),或譯神經語言程式學、身心語言程式學等,是一種關於人際溝通、個人發展和心理治療的方法,包含了來自個人中心治療、完形治療法、催眠療法、認知科學,是一種來自於結構主義(或稱建構主義)的概念。<ref name="WALKER1996" />神經語言規劃認為神經過程、語言和後天行為模式之間存在聯繫,可透過改變這些聯繫來實現生活中的特定目標。<ref name="Tosey & Mathison 2006">Tosey, Paul; Mathison, Jane. Introducing Neuro-Linguistic Programming (PDF). Centre for Management Learning & Development, School of Management, University of Surrey. [12 September 2019]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 January 2019).</ref><ref>Dilts, Robert; Bandler, Richard. Neuro-linguistic Programming: The study of the structure of subjective experience. Meta Publications. 1980: 2 [2023-11-24]. ISBN 978-0-916990-07-7. (原始内容存档于2023-11-24) (English).</ref>
「神經語言規劃」(Neuro-Linguistic Programming)一詞意在傳達腦中(原文「neuro」,意指「關於神經/神經系統的」)的運作,可以在系統性指令(原文「programming」,意指「節目編排」或「程式編寫」,意譯作「規劃」)的基礎上,藉由語言(原文「linguistic」,意指「語言的/語言學的」)來進行改變。<ref name="WALKER1996">Nach {{
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學界有人認為,神經語言規劃的有效性在科學上無法被證實<ref>Thomas Witkowski. A review of research findings on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice. 2012, 9 (1): 29–40.</ref><ref name="STURT2012">{{
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#if: Polish Psychological Bulletin |{{ #if:Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration? {{#if:|: {{{TitelErg}}}}} |, }}Polish Psychological Bulletin{{ #if: |, {{{Series}}} }}{{ #if: |{{ #if: |. : |. }} |{{ #if: |. }} }}{{ #if: |. {{ #if: | ({{{YearNote}}}) }} }}{{ #if: 41 |, 41{{ #if: 2 | (2) }} |{{ #if: 2 | (2) }} }} |{{ #if: Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration? {{#if:|: {{{TitelErg}}}}} |{{ #if: Tomasz WitkowskiPolish Psychological Bulletin |, }} {{#if:{{ #if: |{{ #if: |{{ #if: czasopisma.pan.pl |czasopisma.pan.pl |{{#ifexpr:{{#time: U}} > {{#time: U | 2001-10-10 }}|{{ #if: | http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid={{{PMC}}} }}}} }} }} |{{ #if: czasopisma.pan.pl |czasopisma.pan.pl |{{#ifexpr:{{#time: U}} > {{#time: U | 2001-10-10 }}|{{ #if: | http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid={{{PMC}}} }}}} }} }} |[{{ #if: |{{ #if: |{{ #if: czasopisma.pan.pl |czasopisma.pan.pl |{{#ifexpr:{{#time: U}} > {{#time: U | 2001-10-10 }}|{{ #if: | http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid={{{PMC}}} }}}} }} }} |{{ #if: czasopisma.pan.pl |czasopisma.pan.pl |{{#ifexpr:{{#time: U}} > {{#time: U | 2001-10-10 }}|{{ #if: | http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid={{{PMC}}} }}}} }} }} Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration? {{#if:|: {{{TitelErg}}}}}{{ #if:| [] }}] |Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration? {{#if:|: {{{TitelErg}}}}}{{ #if:| [] }}
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|神經語言規劃}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no |no |n |false |f |否 |0 = | = |¬ = |yes |y |true |t |是 |1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} }} | {{#switch:
{{#if: | {{{demospace}}} | {{#ifeq:| | main | {{#ifeq:|talk | talk | }} }} }}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|神經語言規劃}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no |no |n |false |f |否 |0 = | = |¬ = |yes |y |true |t |是 |1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} | }}
}} }}
}}
|SUBST=
}}{{#if:
{{#ifeq: | true | dontcat }}{{#ifeq: | no | dontcat }}{{#switch: ¬ | yes | ¬ = | #default = dontcat }}{{#switch: no | no = {{#switch: {{#if: | {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|3}} | subsubpage | {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|2}} | subpage | basepage }} }} | {{#if:{{#titleparts:神經語言規劃|0|3}} | subsubpage | {{#if:{{#titleparts:神經語言規劃|0|2}} | subpage | basepage }} }} }}
| basepage =
| subpage = dontcat
| subsubpage = dontcat
}}
| only = {{#switch: {{#if: | {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|3}} | subsubpage | {{#if:{{#titleparts:|0|2}} | subpage | basepage }} }} | {{#if:{{#titleparts:神經語言規劃|0|3}} | subsubpage | {{#if:{{#titleparts:神經語言規劃|0|2}} | subpage | basepage }} }} }}
| basepage = dontcat
| subpage = | subsubpage = }}
}}
| |
{{#switch: {{#ifeq: | false | | {{#ifeq: | yes | | {{#ifeq: | yes | | {{#if:x
|
{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{#if:| | 神經語言規劃 }}|0|2}} | | }}
}}
}} }} }} | hide = | #default = {{#ifeq: h0#384!5nea+w9 | {{#if:带有失效链接的条目 |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}带有失效链接的条目]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}带有失效链接的条目| | }} }} }}{{#if:|}}{{#if: |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}| | }} }} }}{{#if:|}}{{#if: |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}| | }} }} }} | {{#switch: {{#if: | {{{demospace}}} | {{#ifeq:| | main | {{#ifeq:|talk | talk | }} }} }}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|神經語言規劃}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no |no |n |false |f |否 |0 = | = |¬ = |yes |y |true |t |是 |1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = }} | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }}
| {{#iferror: {{#expr: 1 + {{#switch: {{#if: | {{{demospace}}} | {{#ifeq:| | main | {{#ifeq:|talk | talk | }} }} }}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|神經語言規劃}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no |no |n |false |f |否 |0 = | = |¬ = |yes |y |true |t |是 |1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = {{#if:带有失效链接的条目
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}带有失效链接的条目]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}带有失效链接的条目| | }} }} }}{{#if:|}}{{#if: |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}| | }} }} }}{{#if:|}}{{#if: |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}| | }} }} }}}}
| talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = {{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|神經語言規劃||{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}||}}}}}} | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} }} | {{#switch:
{{#if: | {{{demospace}}} | {{#ifeq:| | main | {{#ifeq:|talk | talk | }} }} }}
| main = {{#switch:{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)|
|{{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|Template:Error
|神經語言規劃}}}}{{safesubst:#switch: no |no |n |false |f |否 |0 = | = |¬ = |yes |y |true |t |是 |1 = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{字词转换器深度越限(10){#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}}
|#default = _IN:_i2=_sublen3={{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}_j4=u_min=Template:Min_CORE:slen:27_i={{#if:}||{{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|1|0}} and {{#if:|1|0}})|{{#expr:Template:Min-{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}+{{#ifexpr:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}<0|-1|1}}}}|1}}}}_j=Template:Min_inv={{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}||0|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}}}<0|yes|no}}_tchk={{#if:{{#if:|{{#if:{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}|{{#if:|{{#ifexpr:((-+1)<>{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}) and (*<>0)|Error using {{[[{{#switch: |#default = Str mid | = {{#ifeq: | | Template:Str mid | Str mid }}
}}|Str mid]]{{#if:||{{{arg}}}}}}}: indexes i= and j= do not match requested substring length {{ safesubst:#if:1|{{#expr:abs(-1)-1}}}}}}|}}}}}}|TCHK|-}}_blankexpr:{{#expr:({{#if:{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|{{#expr:abs(−1)−1}}|1}}=0) or (27=0)}} }}| MOS = | LTA = | NT = | NC = | #default = {{#if:带有失效链接的条目
|[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}带有失效链接的条目]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}带有失效链接的条目| | }} }} }}{{#if:|}}{{#if: |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}| | }} }} }}{{#if:|}}{{#if: |[[Category:{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} }}]]{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}} |{{#ifexist:Category:自{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}| | }} }} }}}}
| talk = | user = | wikipedia = | image = | mediawiki = | template = {{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|神經語言規劃||{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}|2020年1月|{{#time:Y年n月|2020年1月}}}}||}}}}}} | help = | category = | portal = | wikiproject = | other | #default = }} | }}
}} }}
}}{{#if:
|[{{#if: |{{{pre-text}}} }}{{#if: |{{{post-text}}} }}]|[{{#if: |-{zh:失效連結;zh-tw:失效連結;zh-cn:失效链接|{{#if:yes|永久失效連結|失效連結}}}}]
}}{{#if:yes|}}</ref><ref name="WISEMAN2012">{{
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}}</ref>,科學文獻回顧表明,神經語言規劃根據的是對大腦內部運作的過時隱喻,這些隱喻與當前的神經學理論不一致,神經語言規劃還包含了許多事實錯誤。<ref name="Von Bergen 1997">von Bergen, C. W.; Gary, Barlow Soper; Rosenthal, T.; Wilkinson, Lamar V. Selected alternative training techniques in HRD. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 1997, 8 (4): 281–294. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920080403.</ref><ref name="Druckman 2004">Druckman, Daniel. Be All That You Can Be: Enhancing Human Performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1 November 2004, 34 (11): 2234–2260. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01975.x.</ref>即使有支持其成效的研究,其數量及質素亦不佳<ref>Kotera, Yasuhiro; Sheffield, David; Van Gordon, William. The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2019-03, 30 (1): 101–116. doi:10.1002/hrdq.21334.</ref><ref>#invoke:Citation/CS1</ref>。有三倍多的高品質研究未能重現創始人班德勒、葛瑞德和其他NLP實踐者所提出的主張。<ref name="Sharpley 1987">#invoke:Citation/CS1</ref><ref name="WITKOWSKI2010" />
起源與歷史[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
NLP發源地位於聖塔克魯茲加利福尼亞大學。NLP有三位創始人,其中一位叫做理察·班德勒的在求學時主修電腦學系,但他卻醉心研究人類行為,遍讀心理學叢書,常常向傳統心理學派提出種種挑戰,爾後他拿下心理學碩士與哲學碩士學位。另外一位則是任教於加州大學的語言學家,曾有協助美國中央情報局(CIA)經驗的約翰·葛瑞德(John Grinder)。以及另一位在西方消失20年,卻是在初始發展階段非常重要的發展者,法蘭克·普西林克(Frank Pucelik)。三位皆不滿傳統心理學派的治療過程,因其時間太長且效果不能持久。在一次的因緣際會下,他們一起研究並模仿當時四位在人類溝通以及心理治療方面有卓越成就的大師在治療過程運用的語言模式、心理策略等。加上獨創的理念而整理出NLP的理論架構,經過多年反覆的臨床實驗,認為NLP在運用於人類行為改變方面具有非常顯著的效果。
他們模仿的三位大師分別是催眠治療大師及艾瑞克森催眠治療學派創始人米爾頓·艾瑞克森(Milton Hyland Erickson)、家庭治療大師維珍尼亞·撒提亞(Virginia Satir)以及完形治療創始人弗烈茲·皮爾斯(Fritz Pearls)。
後續發展[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- 歐美地區
- 美國:理查‧班德勒依循著NLP的基礎,又開發了人類設計工程學Design Human Engineering(DHE)<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>,約翰‧葛瑞德則是研發了New Code NLP技術<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>。在理察及約翰眾多的弟子中有幾位現今都是NLP界中的頂級大師,包括NLP大学(NLP University)的罗伯特·迪尔茨博士(Robert Dilts)及朱迪思·迪罗泽尔(Judith Delozier),自我关系心理学(Self-Relations Psychotherapy)创始人史蒂芬·吉利根博士(Stephen Gilligan),时间线治疗(Time Line Therapy®)創始人塔德·詹姆斯博士(Dr. Tad James)<ref name="#1">#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>,核心轉化療法(Core Transformation)發明人康尼瑞兒·安祖(Connirae Andreas)博士與塔瑪拉·安祖(Tamara Andreas)<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>,TCM结合的华人丹尼斯·谢(Dennis Hsieh),被喻為「激励者中的激励者」(The motivator of motivators)的安东尼·罗宾斯(Anthony Robbins)<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>等,以及從深化NLP到自我實現的ISNS創辦人麥克.可(Michael Hall)<ref name="#2">#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>。他們在各自的研究領域中都發展出深層行為改變的技巧。
- 英國:理察·班德勒的弟子與NLP共同發展人保羅·麥坎那(Paul McKenna),其最著名的就是廣泛地在電視上所演示的NLP。
- 亞洲地區
- 中國大陸:李中瑩(NLP系統動力派創始人)、凃帅(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、李思稹(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、黄启团(NLP教練)
- 台灣:中華民國神經語言程式學協會理事長陳威伸(美國NLP大學高級訓練師及授證聯盟導師<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>)、社團法人台灣神經語言程式學學會<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>-創會理事長賴明正博士 Template:Wayback(美國ABNLP高級訓練師<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>、美國NLP大學高級訓練師及授證聯盟導師)、亞洲目標國際培訓中心 Template:Wayback 創辦人-劉秀美博士 Template:Wayback(美國NLP大學高級訓練師及授證聯盟導師)、林子傑 Template:Wayback(亞洲目標國際培訓中心、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、赫威思培訓中心 Template:Wayback 執行長-李珍妮(美國NLP大學高級訓練師及授證聯盟導師)、劉孟儒 Template:Wayback(赫威思培訓中心、NLP訓練師)、張佑石博士(台灣NLP學會現任理事長、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、精首全腦教育研究機構 執行長-劉儷晴(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、陳志恆 Template:Wayback(作家、諮商心理師、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、魏士強(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、唐道德(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、許庭韶 Template:Wayback(諮商心理師、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、程瑞南(尋意、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、李喬晴 Template:Wayback(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、柯春蘭<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、中華國際催眠研究發展協會理事長廖云釩(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、至一顧問創辦人-張宜芬(美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、王睿毅(山姆王 Template:Wayback、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、華人NLP暨催眠教育推廣中心 Template:Wayback創辦人-李玉光(Hogan Lee, 美國ABNLP訓練師)、張春雲(NLP 訓練師)、智燁NLP教練學院創辦人-張旭男(美國NLP大學高級訓練師及授證聯盟導師)、梁鳳珍(智燁NLP教練學院)、人本取向NLP-陳世勳(陳大樹、諮商心理師、美國ABNLP訓練師)、林嘉政(美國ABNLP訓練師)、卿松幸福學苑 Template:Wayback-林松蔚(美國ABNLP訓練師、美國NLP大學高級訓練師)、黃敏卿(卿松幸福學苑 Template:Wayback、美國ABNLP訓練師)、魏嬿竹(《NLP新世代》<ref>#invoke:citation/CS1</ref>譯者、NLP訓練師)、廖莉彣(諮商心理師、NLP訓練師)、洪睿彣(諮商心理師、NLP訓練師)、張凱翔(張忘形 Template:Wayback,NLP訓練師)、慕心國際 Template:Wayback創辦人-張祐語(Monica,NLP訓練師)、NLP腦力開發研究所所長&哈佛國際潛能開發中心執行長-黃中雍(美國NLP大學認證高階執行師及發展師)、美國神經語言程式學研究院(NLPITemplate:來源請求) 授權高級訓練師及發展師:金易樟與袁希<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、NLPI授權訓練師徐承庚、游子晉、劉偉倫、陳世昇、曾昕、彭博、婭飛、陳明弘(Eric)、洪國凱、廖偉玲(NLP訓練師,諮商心理師)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>。
- 香港:NLP資深訓練師張國維博士(已歿)、NLP學院創辦人及NLP高級發證導師杜瑞坤先生(Tommy Doo)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、亞洲專業培訓學院(APTI)創辦人及國際身心語義學會(ISNS)大中華區主席Ms. Mandy Chai 蔡真頤女士(NS-NLP高級發證導師 - International Society of Neuro-Semantics)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 、美國Society of NLP香港專業培訓學會導師朱德俊先生(Lawrence Chu)、美國NLP大學Master Trainer 劉丹心先生<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、华美拉博士<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、NLP導師張慧慈和整合NLP專家何偉光Chris Ho<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 日本:日本NLP協會芝 建太<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、Power-NLP木村佳世子<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>。
- 新加坡:James Leong<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 馬來西亞:譚偉強博士<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、戴志強<ref>https://www.facebook.com/clementthai/</ref>、張翠芬<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、江健勇<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120628091356/http://www.guangming.com.my/node/87296</ref>、林萬檳<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、鍾宗宏<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>。
內容[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
神經語言程式學(NLP)是提升人與人之間的溝通技巧,以及積極正面的思維技術:神經系統、語言模式與大腦策略。
- 多重思維觀點,由各個不同層級去觀想問題、觸及問題、解決問題。
- 改變自我受困的想法,拓展更多選擇的可能性。
「基本假設」/「假设前提」[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- NLP神經语言程式学有12个最基本的「假设前提」又作「基本假設」(NLP Presuppositions<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>http://gatehouse13.com/2011/03/02/the-building-blocks-of-nlp-the-presuppositions/ Template:Wayback The Building Blocks of NLP: The Presuppositions</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>http://book.douban.com/review/1170804/#!/i!/ckDefault Template:Wayback NLP基本精神:12条前提假设</ref>):
- 每个人都不一樣(没有两个人是一样的)
- 一个人不能控制另一个人(尊重别人的世界观)
- 有效用比有道理更实际(即使說的話理據十分充足,但對方不相信或根本不能實行,還是沒有用)
- 只有由感官所構成的世界,並没有絕對的真實世界(瞎子摸象)
- 对方的反应是沟通的目的和结果(沟通的意义决定于对方的回应)
- 重复旧的做法,只会得到旧的结果
- 凡事最少要有三種解决方法(只有一種:沒有選擇 只有兩種:等同抉擇 要有三種:才是選擇)
- 每一个人都会选择对自己最有利的行为(人人也是在各种限制下作出最佳的决定与行为)
- 每一个人都具有使自己快乐成功的资源、条件
- 任何一個系统裡,最靈活的部份是影響大局的最大因素(越靈活的人越有影響力)
- 凡事没有失败,只有回应信息
- 动机和情緒都没有错,只是行为没有效果而已
部份技巧[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
NLP的學習者會學到如何觀察和分析別人的言行與大腦策略。其中,又分類為四類型人:視覺型(V)、聽覺型(A)、觸覺型(K)、內在對話型(Ad)的特徵表現和溝通方法。再以不同的邏輯和言語模式,例如「米爾頓模式」、「後設模式」、「感官用語」…等。甚至催眠的語態操作技巧、非口語溝通、身體語言等改變自己,進而影響他人、說服他人及輔導他人。
應用[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
有許多不同領域的人士,例如:政治家、演说家、推銷員、傳道人、教師、社工、輔導員、管理層、人事部等,學習箇中技巧並應用於工作中,當中抑不乏用於家庭溝通與戀愛關係。崛起於卡內基訓練(Dale Carnegie Training)之後的新興人際溝通技巧,然而其多元觀點的融合(心理學、神經學、語言學以及催眠技巧),很快地便在歐、美、日、港等地掀起熱潮,不少國際知名人士皆有學習和運用NLP技巧,例如:富爸爸,窮爸爸作者羅伯特‧清崎、美國前總統柯林頓、網球好手安德烈‧阿格西…等。
時間線治療[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
時間線治療(Time Line Therapy®)為NLP大師達特.詹姆斯博士(Dr.Tad James)<ref name="#1"/>以神經語言程式學為基礎,利用時光線方式模擬人腦對生活歷程之記憶,進而通過輕度催眠的方法達致治療目的的有效身心治療法,此方法可以極短的時間對人腦進行重編,主要包括以下六項步驟:
- 尋究時光線存在型態
- 找出問題的根源
- 釋放負面情緒
- 消除自我設限的決定
- 改變時光線的方向/位置
- 創造未來
水準與程度[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
NLP神經語言程式學國際認證課程有4種等級證書:1.執行師 Practitioner、2.高階執行師 Master Practitioner、3.訓練師 Trainer、4.高級訓練師 Master Trainer。其中 Master一詞有高階或高級兩種翻譯,Trainer 一詞則因為華人世界一開始的翻譯就不同,重視英文直譯或重視實務操作下的翻譯不同,因此除了有從英文直譯的訓練師或培訓師,也有使用導師或訓練導師的稱謂,在馬來西亞、中國大陸及香港地區更常使用NLP導師一詞。
此外世界上有許多不同的NLP國際組織培訓及核發NLP證書,其中以美國NLP大學<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>(NLPU) 被公認是全世界最容易複製及學習的系統,同時美國NLP大學對於取得其授證聯盟導師資格者有相當的要求,對一般大眾而言,取得授證聯盟導師的高級訓練師(高級導師)公信力似乎相對更高些。此外,美國NLP大學對於課程及時數各方面亦有嚴謹的限制,例如:NLP專業執行師課程的學習(含作業),需滿120小時,且需使用經美國NLP大學核備採認後的翻譯教材,全部課程需由其認證的高級訓練師授課,完成課程並經認證考試後,方能協助學員申請美國NLP大學核發的國際證書。其他亦有不直接授課培訓的純認證機構,例如美國的ABNLP<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>,就是國際NLP的純認證機構。此外亦有國際身心語義學會(ISNS, International Society of Neuro Sematics)<ref name="#2"/>,美國NLP研究院(NLPI)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>、國際NLP培訓師協會(INLPTA)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>......等。
或許各種證書也不代表證書持有人的實際知識水準和技能水準,這也因為部分機構考核制度不夠嚴謹, 並未按照原先規範要求,即使相同名稱的課程。此外,跟不同NLP訓練師(導師)所學獲得的成果往往差異也會很大,除了關心的證照外,初探者在詢問如何學習時也可以觀察授課者的狀態及生活。NLP是模仿卓越的學問,跟誰學習,人生態度不知不覺間就會像教學者一般。
由於創始人班德勒和葛瑞德之間的官司糾紛<ref>Template:Cite court</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>,目前“NLP”及“神經語言程式學”虽因无法注册商标权,并不隶属于任何個人或組織所擁有<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>;然而由各机构后期开发的技术並非公共財,例如美国NLP大学证照课程及教材具有合法著作權及版權,各國訓練師必需購買其版權使用權方得合法使用;此外目前并沒有世界统一的官方機構負責國際認證<ref name="tsdr.uspto.gov">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>。獲得NLP高級執行師或高級訓練師的稱號由各國培訓機構及認證協會根據規範採認 <ref name="Roderique-Davies 2009">Template:Cite journal </ref>。
支持者與反對者的觀點[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
外界的質疑[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
NLP倍受正統心理學質疑。Grant Devilly(2005)指出:<ref> Template:Lang </ref> Template:Cquote
- NLP可能受到新紀元運動及Template:Tsl等信念影響<ref name="skepdic">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Beyerstein, B.L 1990 27–36 27">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Hunt 2003">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Aupers & Houtman 2010">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Hammer & Rothstein 2012">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>。
- NLP被認爲基于社会建构主义<ref name="Craft 2001">Template:Cite journal</ref>。
- 《Template:Tsl》(2000年)中收錄了對NLP的批評文章。
- 有人認為,NLP實際上是一種心理控制術。<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 值得注意的是,NLP的前提假設和墨菲定理是相衝的。墨菲定律的假設是:只要有大於零的可能,就是有可能發生。
对质疑的反驳[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- NLP常被大量使用在「心靈成長」等議題,這是與NLP本身信念有所違背的,引用NLP創始人理察‧班德勒一段話:「我在這裡教大家的,不過就是如何管理人生,……,這不是什麼理念,不是意識形態,也不是宗教信仰,……。」(Template:Cite book)
- NLP创始人约翰·葛林德认为NLP与信仰或灵性成长没有关系。<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
近代的印証[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- 2013年芬蘭圖爾庫大學(The University of Turku)的一項研究。研究人員給700名志願者觀看電影、或唸故事給他們聽,以挑動他們某一些特殊的情緒。之後。男女受測者會獲得一張人體輪廓圖,並且被要求用顏色把「有感覺」和「沒感覺」的身體部份標示出來,這份結果所研究的內容與NLP中的次感元技術(Sub-modality)所使用的神經系統相同,實驗結果發表於2013年12月份的《美國國家科學院院期刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)。<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- NLP所使用的EMDR快速眼动疗法已经被证实能有效治疗创伤后压力综合症。<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 首先運用於治療罹患PTSD(創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群)的越戰退伍軍人。(Template:Cite book)
- 2009年BBC NEWS一篇採訪患有PTSD退伍軍人的報導中,患者本身提及接受專業NLP學者的幫助而改善症狀。<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- NLP已经获得英国心理治疗与辅导学会及其它机构的认可。<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:FT2/List_of_users_of_Neuro-linguistic_programming</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
相關書目[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
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参见[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
- Template:Tsl
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- 葛瑞利·貝特森
- 維珍尼亞·撒提亞
- 米爾頓·艾瑞克森
- Template:Tsl(TFT)
- Template:Tsl(EFTs)
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- 認知語言學
脚注[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
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