编辑“感觉记忆”

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'''感觉记忆'''（{{lang-en|sensory memory}}）是[[记忆]]的一种类型。当客观刺激停止作用之后，感觉信息会在一个极短的时间内保存下来，这就是感觉记忆或感觉登记。感觉信息存储在感觉存储器中的时间刚好足以将其传输到[[短期记忆]]中为止<ref>{{cite book|title=Psychology the science of behavior|last=Carlson|first=Neil R.|publisher=Pearson Canada Inc.|year=2010|isbn=9780205645244|pages=[https://archive.org/details/psychologyscienc0004unse/page/232 232]|url=https://archive.org/details/psychologyscienc0004unse/page/232}}</ref>。与[[长期记忆]]和[[短期记忆]]相比，感觉记忆对信息的储存时间极短，大约在0.25秒到4秒之间，信息储存的容量也极为有限如果没有受到注意，很快就消失了；如果受到注意，就进入[[工作記憶]]阶段。感觉记忆被认为不在认知控制范围内，而是一种自动响应。

{{記憶系統}}

== 感觉记忆的种类 ==
=== 图像记忆 ===
{{see also|图像记忆}}
[[图像记忆]]是極短（小於1秒）、預分類、高容量的記憶儲存，<ref name="Sperling">{{Cite journal|title=The information available in brief visual presentations|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-monographs_1960_74_11/page/1|last=Sperling|first=George|journal=Psychological Monographs|issue=11|doi=10.1037/h0093759|year=1960|volume=74|pages=1–29|id=}}</ref> <ref name="Dick2">{{cite journal|title=Iconic memory and its relation to perceptual processing and other memory mechanisms|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_attention-perception-and-psychophysics_1974-12_16_3/page/575|last=Dick|first=A. O.|journal=Perception & Psychophysics|issue=3|doi=10.3758/BF03198590|year=1974|volume=16|pages=575–596|id=}}</ref>在短时间内提供完整连贯的[[感知|视知觉]]表徵，從而促成[[視覺短期記憶|视觉短期记忆]]。

=== 回声记忆 ===
{{see also|回声记忆}}
[[回声记忆]]就像個「儲存槽」，这种特殊的感觉儲存器能够儲存大量在短时间内（3～4秒）保留的听觉資訊。这种回声會在大脑中产生共鸣，并在听觉刺激呈现之后，短时间内重复播放。<ref name="Radvansky">{{Cite book|last=Radvansky|first=Gabriel|title=Human Memory|publisher=Allyn and Bacon|year=2005|location=Boston|pages=65–75|isbn=978-0-205-45760-1}}</ref>回声记忆仅適度地对刺激的原始特徵进行编码，例如[[音高]]，也就指定了其位於非聯合區的位置。<ref name="Strous 1995">{{Cite journal|title=Auditory sensory ("echoic") memory dysfunction in schizophrenia|url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=171309|date=October 1995|journal=Am J Psychiatry|issue=10|doi=10.1176/ajp.152.10.1517|volume=152|pages=1517–9|pmid=7573594|access-date=2019-08-17|archive-date=2014-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030340/http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=171309|dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== 触觉记忆 ===
{{see also|触觉记忆}}
[[触觉记忆]]是特定于触摸刺激的感觉记忆的形式。在评估抓握熟悉物体并与之互动所需的力时，经常使用触觉记忆。<ref name="Johansson">{{cite journal | title = Memory Representations Underlying Motor Commands Used During Manipulation of Common and Novel Objects | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neurophysiology_1993-06_69_6/page/1789 | journal = Journal of Neurophysiology | date = 1993-06-15 | last1 = Johansson | last2 = Gordon | last3 =Wrestling | last4=Cole | volume = 69 | issue = 6 | pages = 1789–1796 | doi= 10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.1789| pmid=8350123}}</ref>类似于视觉[[图像记忆]]，触觉获得的信息的存留是短暂的并且在大约两秒钟后衰减。<ref name="Shih">{{citation | first = Shih | last = Dubrowski, Carnahan | contribution = Evidence for Haptic Memory | title = Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems | pages = 145–149 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1109/WHC.2009.4810867 | isbn = 978-1-4244-3858-7 }}</ref>

==參見==
{{div col|4}}
*[[图像记忆]]
*[[触觉记忆]] 
*[[回声记忆]]
*[[记忆]]
*[[短期记忆]]
*[[工作记忆]]
*[[长期记忆]]
{{div col end}}

==參考資料== 
{{reflist|2}}



{{记忆}}
{{認知心理學}}
{{心理学}}

[[Category:神經科學]]
[[Category:认知心理学]]
[[Category:记忆]]
[[Category:心理学]]