编辑“勾引社群”

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{{Translating|[[:en:Pickup artist]]||tpercent=20|time=2019-01-17T09:52:55+00:00}}
'''搭讪熟手'''（{{Lang-en|Pickup artist}}，縮寫作'''PUA'''），或自稱'''約會教練'''、'''勾引社群'''（{{lang|en|seduction community}}）、'''泡妹学'''、'''把妹达人'''等，是一種以[[男性]]為主要參與者及視角中心的活動，其目標是誘惑[[女性]]並與之發生[[性關係]]。該類社群透過[[互联网|網際網路]]及實體[[俱樂部]]進行運作。<ref>{{cite web|title=Winging it|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/winging-it/2007/01/28/1169919210771.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2|access-date=2013-11-17|date=2007-01-29|work=The Age|archive-date=2017-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216093256/http://www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/winging-it/2007/01/28/1169919210771.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2|dead-url=no}}</ref> 在其中，參與者經常透過針對性的運用各種[[行為]]和[[心理]]方法，並經常致力於爭取來自陌生人（主要是女性）在[[亲密关系]]方面的許諾。<ref name=":1">{{Literatur|Autor=Debbie Ging|Titel=Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere|Sammelwerk=Men and Masculinities|Band=22|Nummer=4|Datum=2019-10|ISSN=1097-184X|DOI=10.1177/1097184X17706401|Seiten=638–657|Online=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1097184X17706401|Abruf=2021-01-10}}</ref>

随着該類文化的变迁，[[PUA]]的定义已从简单的搭讪扩展到整个两性交往流程。主要涉及：[[搭讪]]（初识）、吸引（互动）、建立联系、升级关系、直到发生亲密接触并确定两性关系<ref>{{Cite web|title=媒体曝光情感操控骗局：如果PUA有用，还要爱情干嘛？|url=http://cppcc.china.com.cn/2018-05/29/content_51530729.htm|accessdate=|author=中国网|date=2018-05-29|publisher=|language=zh-cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222085753/http://cppcc.china.com.cn/2018-05/29/content_51530729.htm|archive-date=2020-02-22|dead-url=no|quote=}}</ref>。

“誘惑科學”、“遊戲”<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Red Pill, The Weird New Cult For Men Who Don't Understand Women|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-red-pill-reddit-2013-8|access-date=2015-04-01|date=2013-09-15|last=Love|first=Dylan|work=Business Insider|archive-date=2019-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208173618/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-red-pill-reddit-2013-8|dead-url=no}}</ref>或“經研讀而得的[[魅力]]”的興起，被歸因於現代形式的約會和兩性之間的社會規範，這些形式是從[[婦女權利]]和[[性別角色]]變化的感知增加發展而來的。<ref>Hymowitz, Kay S., "[http://www.city-journal.org/2008/18_4_darwinist_dating.html Love in the Time of Darwinism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.city-journal.org/2008/18_4_darwinist_dating.html|date=20160303221937}}", ''[[City Journal (New York)|City Journal]]'', Autumn 2008</ref> 媒體[[評論家|評論員]]經常將該類活動描述為[[性別歧視]]或[[女性貶抑]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nymag.com/scienceofus/2014/05/misogyny-and-mental-illness-are-very-different.html|title=There's a Difference Between Misogyny and Severe Mental Illness|last=Singal|first=Jesse|date=2014-05-28|work=New York magazine|access-date=2014-06-09|archive-date=2017-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019092257/http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2014/05/misogyny-and-mental-illness-are-very-different.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>；[[社会心理学|社會心理學家]]羅爾夫·波爾 (Rolf Pohl) 將之描述為一個貶抑女性且「倒退」的類[[宗教]]社群<ref name=":0">{{Literatur|Autor=Rolf Pohl|Titel=Die Pick-Up-Artists – über das Innenleben professioneller Frauenaufreißer|Sammelwerk=MÄNNER. MACHT. THERAPIE|Auflage=1|Verlag=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|Ort=Göttingen|Datum=2019-12-09|ISBN=978-3-525-45383-4|DOI=10.13109/9783666453830.123|Seiten=123–142|Online=https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/10.13109/9783666453830.123|Abruf=2021-01-10}}</ref>。 這類活動被歸類於[[反女權主義]]範疇的一部份。<ref name=":1">{{Literatur|Autor=Debbie Ging|Titel=Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere|Sammelwerk=Men and Masculinities|Band=22|Nummer=4|Datum=2019-10|ISSN=1097-184X|DOI=10.1177/1097184X17706401|Seiten=638–657|Online=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1097184X17706401|Abruf=2021-01-10}}</ref>

== 沿革 ==
泡妹学可以追溯到1970年，当时 Eric Weber写了一本书《[[泡妞攻略]]》（{{lang-en|《How To Pick Up Girls!》}}），被认为是泡妹学鼻祖。这一阶段，还有[[心理治療|心理治疗师]]Albert Ellis 写了《[[情色诱惑的技巧]]》。但这一阶段，只有零星的独立作者和泡妞导师，并没有形成社群。

20世纪80年代后期，Ross Jeffries出版了关于泡妞技巧的短篇小说《[[如何睡你想睡的女人]]》。1994年，Ross Jeffries的学生刘易斯· 德佩恩创立了[[新闻组]] alt .seduction.fast（ASF），标志着勾引社群形成——一个以互联网论坛，电子邮件，博客，[[社交媒体]]组成的网络。

== 媒体报道 ==
在[[華語社區|华语社会]]，最先把PUA引入的是[[留学生]]。部分留学生翻译了Neil Strauss的《{{link-en|把妹達人|The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists}}》（{{lang-en|The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists}}），并将其引入华语地区。早期，该社群只是分享男性如何通过技巧和心理学应用，去接近、搭讪自己喜欢的人，但后来逐渐演化成骗色、骗财的手段。

同时大量的PUA组织自称恋爱导师，开始招生，学费高昂<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2018-05-28/doc-ihcaquev2247454.shtml |title = 起底PUA：教男生把妹女生撩凯子 单人学费数十万 |author =  |date = 2018-05-28 |publisher = 新京报 |language = zh-cn |accessdate = 2019-01-17 |quote =  |archive-date = 2019-02-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190225144232/http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2018-05-28/doc-ihcaquev2247454.shtml |dead-url = no }}</ref>。

== 泡学 ==
{{POV|time=2019-10-16T06:47:14+00:00}}

泡学其本义是帮助那些因为腼腆或者缺乏经验的人，能尽快掌握如何与心仪异性建立亲密关系的[[人际交往]]技术<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/2018-05-29/doc-ihcffhsu6221245.shtml |title = 从纯技术性到臭名昭著：增加阅历才能不被PUA套路 |author = 新京报 |date = 2018-05-29 |publisher =  |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2020-10-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201022072901/http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/2018-05-29/doc-ihcffhsu6221245.shtml |dead-url = no }}</ref>。但是随着泡学的商业化，大量不怀好意的pua组织开始以此敛财。泡学渐渐从搭讪技巧变成诈骗入门指南，由此也在社会上形成了鄙夷厌弃pua的风气，并逐渐形成共识。<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/columnist/%E9%A6%AE%E7%9D%8E%E4%B9%BE/daily/article/20181111/20543010|title = 渣男怎樣操控女孩？|author = |date = |publisher = 苹果生活|language = zh-hk|accessdate = |quote = |archive-date = 2019-04-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190417181531/https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/columnist/%E9%A6%AE%E7%9D%8E%E4%B9%BE/daily/article/20181111/20543010|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.chinesenzherald.co.nz/news/socialmedia/pick-up-artist/ |title = 【今日悉尼】中国海归男睡400多个姑娘，同时与17名女生交往！PUA文化传到中国成新型诈骗：约炮、骗钱、诱导女生自杀！是情感专家还是感情骗子 |author = 新西兰先驱报中文网 |date =  |publisher =  |language = zh |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190119122744/http://www.chinesenzherald.co.nz/news/socialmedia/pick-up-artist/ |archive-date = 2019-01-19 |dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2018-10-11/doc-ihmhafiq8240505.shtml |title = PUA中毒者：第1年与40人发生关系 颜值身材即标准 |author =  |date =  |publisher = 北京青年报 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2021-01-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210112034718/http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2018-10-11/doc-ihmhafiq8240505.shtml |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.nfcmag.com/article/8503.html |title = PUA受害者调查 |author =  |date = 2018-12-11 |publisher = 南风窗 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2021-01-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210113165635/https://www.nfcmag.com/article/8503.html |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://culture.dwnews.com/renwen/news/2018-06-22/60066084.html |title = 起底PUA：犹如邪教般的泡学指南 |author =  |date = 2018-06-24 |publisher = 多维新闻 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2019-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191123040737/http://culture.dwnews.com/renwen/news/2018-06-22/60066084.html |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2018-02-07/doc-ifyrmfma9887608.shtml |title = 网红Ayawawa被扒打脸 曾给PUA人群上课 |author =  |date =  |publisher = 新浪娱乐 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2020-10-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201030003711/http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2018-02-07/doc-ifyrmfma9887608.shtml |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web  |url =https://www.hk01.com/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8/145275/%E6%8A%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%88%80%E6%84%9B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8-%E8%A6%AA%E5%AF%86%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%9A%84%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96  |title =把妹達人的戀愛哲學：親密關係的商品化  |author =  |date =  |publisher =  |language =zh-cn  |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date =2021-01-12  |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210112040500/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8/145275/%E6%8A%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%88%80%E6%84%9B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8-%E8%A6%AA%E5%AF%86%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%9A%84%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96  |dead-url =no  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://3g.163.com/all/article/DPVGKQMD0001875P.html |title = PUA套路升级:不再局限用话术 买迷药直接迷奸女性 |author =  |date =  |publisher = 网易新闻 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2021-01-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210112021710/https://3g.163.com/all/article/DPVGKQMD0001875P.html |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.kaixian.tv/gd/2018/1020/884007.html |title = 约炮、诱奸、骗财……有一个组织叫PUA，他们是这样残害女孩的 |author =  |date =  |publisher = 政商参阅 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2020-10-31 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201031052607/http://www.kaixian.tv/gd/2018/1020/884007.html |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://hk.on.cc/cn/bkn/cnt/news/20180614/bkncn-20180614141508503-0614_05011_001.html |title = 新聞背後：社會文化禁早戀　年輕人望靠PUA補缺陷 |author =  |date =  |publisher = 东网 |language = zh-hk |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2020-10-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201023114933/https://hk.on.cc/cn/bkn/cnt/news/20180614/bkncn-20180614141508503-0614_05011_001.html |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://yes-news.com/yespick/295180/PUA%E6%8A%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%A3%9E%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E6%83%85 |title = PUA把妹達人——那些年壞小子教會我們的事情 |author =  |date =  |publisher = 热新闻 |language = zh |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2020-10-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201028173832/http://yes-news.com/yespick/295180/PUA%E6%8A%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%A3%9E%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E6%83%85 |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.nfcmag.com/article/8502.html |title = 起底PUA ——揭开PUA导师的画皮与心术 |author =  |date = 2018-12-11 |publisher = 南风窗 |language = zh-cn |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2021-01-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210114093647/https://www.nfcmag.com/article/8502.html |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://news.dwnews.com/taiwan/big5/news/2018-09-13/60084839.html |title = 大陸PUA“泡學”吹進台灣 把妹組織在台北街頭隨機搭訕 |author =  |date = 2018-09-13 |publisher = 多维新闻 |language = zh |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2019-10-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191030063600/http://news.dwnews.com/taiwan/big5/news/2018-09-13/60084839.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>

== 引申 ==
===[[中华人民共和国|中國]]的PUA===
{{來源請求|在2000年代初，PUA的概念傳入了中國}}。PUA在中國的[[網路媒體公司|網路媒體]]（例如：[[微博]]、[[人人网|人人網]]等）上興起，有教授如何成為PUA的課程，並持續地商業化。

如今在中國，PUA比起原指騙財、騙色的男性，更廣泛地使用在對他人進行[[煤气灯效应|煤氣燈效應]]（gaslighting）等事物的描述上，只要是貶低他人、[[情緒勒索]]、[[道德綁架]]、[[精神壓榨]]及控制，都可以稱為PUA。如今PUA這一概念在中國已經不僅用於陌生男女之間，也可以用於家族中長輩與晚輩之間、職場中上司與下屬之間等各種雙方在權力和地位上不平等的基础上，强势方利用自己的优势来使对方屈从或顺服的情况。

===[[台灣]]的PUA===
2023年6月，台灣作家何則文遭控以PUA手法性侵2名男子，於[[臉書]]上宣布離開公眾視野，在台灣網路圈掀起對PUA的討論。<ref>{{Cite web|last=中央通訊社|date=2023-06-20|title=作家何則文遭控性侵 臉書宣布離開公眾視野贖罪 {{!}} 文化|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/acul/202306200197.aspx|access-date=2023-09-22|website=中央社 CNA|language=zh-Hant-TW|archive-date=2023-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629020056/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/acul/202306200197.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>

===職場===
职场中，上级对下级的[[精神控制]]现象也被称为“[[職場霸凌|职场PUA]]”<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sd.dzwww.com/sdnews/202007/t20200728_6320140.htm|title=职场PUA，反击还是忍？|work=[[济南日报]]|date=2020-07-28|accessdate=2021-05-21|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521081834/https://sd.dzwww.com/sdnews/202007/t20200728_6320140.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 另見 ==
* [[煤气灯效应]]
* [[泡妞]]
* [[人類擇偶策略]]
* [[約會]]

== 参考資料 ==
{{reflist|25em}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:网络犯罪]]
[[Category:网络事件]]
[[Category:心理学]]
[[Category:性騷擾]]
[[Category:街頭表演]]
[[Category:反女性權利]]