编辑“自尊”（章节）

=== 內隱、外顯、自戀和威脅的自我主義 ===
[[內隱自尊]]是指一個人以一種自發的、自動的或無意識的方式積極或消極地評價自己的傾向。它與外顯自尊形成對比，外顯自尊需要更有意識和反思的自我評價。外顯自尊和內隱自尊都是自尊的亞型。

[[自戀]]是人們可能具有的一種性格，代表對自己的過度愛。它的特點是誇大了自我價值。在自戀測量（Robert Raskin發想出的40項是非測試題）中得分高的個人可能會選擇對諸如“如果我統治世界，世界會變得更好”這樣的陳述是正確的<ref>Barbara Krahe, ''The Social Psychology of Aggression'' (Psychology Press, 2013), 75.</ref>。自戀和自尊之間只有中等程度的相關性<ref>{{cite journal|title=Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy? Self-esteem matters|url=https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/155e777a-4d9d-4417-8cf2-f6e6403e2ee7|first1=C.|last2=Rudich|first2=E. A.|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|issue=3|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.400|year=2004|volume=87|pages=400–16|pmid=15382988|last3=Gregg|first3=A. P.|last4=Kumashiro|first4=M.|last5=Rusbult|first5=C.|last1=Sedikieds|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-date=2023-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802165625/https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/are-normal-narcissists-psychologically-healthy-self-esteem-matter|dead-url=no}}</ref>；也就是說，一個人可以有高自尊但低自戀，也可以是一個自負、令人討厭的人，具有高自尊和高自戀。<ref>{{cite web|title=Narcissism vs. Authentic Self-Esteem|url=http://www.afterpsychotherapy.com/narcissism-vs-authentic-self-esteem/|access-date=22 October 2017|date=17 January 2011|website=afterpsychotherapy.com|archive-date=2022-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407212152/http://www.afterpsychotherapy.com/narcissism-vs-authentic-self-esteem/}}</ref>

受威脅的自我主義（英語：egotism）的特徵是對威脅自戀者自我的批評的回應；他們經常以敵對和侵略性的方式作出反應。<ref name="BaumeisterSmartBoden1996">{{cite journal|title=Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of self-esteem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-review_1996-01_103_1/page/5|first1=Roy F.|last2=Smart|first2=L.|journal=[[Psychological Review]]|issue=1|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5|year=1996|volume=103|pages=5–33|pmid=8650299|last3=Boden|first3=J.|last1=Baumeister|citeseerx=10.1.1.1009.3747}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_personality-and-social-psychology-bulletin_1993-12_19_6/page/668|first1=C. C.|last2=Rhodewalk|first2=F.|journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin|issue=6|doi=10.1177/0146167293196001|year=1993|volume=19|pages=668–76|last1=Morf|s2cid=145525829}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title='Isn't it fun to get the respect we're going to deserve?' Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_personality-and-social-psychology-bulletin_2003-02_29_2/page/261|first1=J. M.|last2=Campbell|first2=W. K.|journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin|issue=2|doi=10.1177/0146167202239051|year=2003|volume=29|pages=261–72|pmid=15272953|last1=Twenge|s2cid=29837581}}</ref>