编辑“社会心理学”（章节）

==== 行为主义 ====
{{See|行为主义}}
行为主义反对研究意识，认为个体的行为完全并单纯地受外部环境所影响，并认为正负强化{{NoteTag|1=即奖励和惩罚。}}比来自于社会环境的影响更有效<ref name="PKU"/>{{Rp|11}}<ref name="BNU"/>{{Rp|27}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.behavior.org/item.php?id=154 |title=Radical Behaviorism: The Philosophy and the Science |last=Chiesa |first=Mecca |publisher=Authors Cooperative, Inc. |year=1994 |isbn=978-0962331145 |pages=1–241 |language=en |access-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904195958/http://www.behavior.org/item.php?id=154 |archive-date=2017-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=None of the As in ABA stand for autism: Dispelling the myths |author=Karola Dillenburger |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13668250902845244 |journal=Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/13668250902845244 |others=Mickey Keenan |year=2009 |volume=34 |page=193–195 |language=en |pmid=19404840 |access-date=2021-07-22 |archive-date=2021-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211010719/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13668250902845244 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

在20世纪5、60年代以后，随着社会心理学和[[认知心理学]]的发展，行为主义受到了前所未有的质疑和挑战<ref name="PKU"/>{{Rp|12}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Mind and machine: ethical and epistemological implications for research |author=Norm Friesen |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00146-009-0264-8 |journal=AI & SOCIETY |doi=10.1007/s00146-009-0264-8 |year=2010 |volume=25 |page=83-92 |language=en |access-date=2021-07-22 |archive-date=2021-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211010720/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-009-0264-8 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal |last=Waldrop |first=M. Mitchell |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0142001356 |pages=139-140 |language=en}}</ref>。