编辑“有害的男子氣概”（章节）

==參考來源==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

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<ref name="Hartman">{{cite book |last1=Hartman |first1=Rebecca |editor1-last=Carroll |editor1-first=Bret |title=American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2003 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-45-226571-1 |pages=20–22 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5t2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=%22toxic+masculinity%22 |language=en |chapter=Agrarianism |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029072613/https://books.google.com/books?id=c5t2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=%22toxic+masculinity%22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Hess">{{cite web |last1=Hess |first1=Peter |title=Sexism may be bad for men's mental health |url=http://www.popsci.com/research-shows-that-toxic-masculinity-is-harmful-to-mens-mental-health |website=Popular Science |language=en |date=2016-11-21 |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2017-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707073157/http://www.popsci.com/research-shows-that-toxic-masculinity-is-harmful-to-mens-mental-health |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Horowitz">{{cite web |last1=Horowitz |first1=Kate |title=Psychologists Say Macho Behavior May Help Explain Men’s Shorter Lifespans |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/77750/psychologists-say-macho-behavior-may-help-explain-mens-shorter-lifespans |website=Mental Floss |language=en |date=2016-03-28 |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122001142/http://mentalfloss.com/article/77750/psychologists-say-macho-behavior-may-help-explain-mens-shorter-lifespans |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Kaplan">{{cite news |last1=Kaplan |first1=Sarah |title=Sexist men have psychological problems |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/11/22/sexist-men-have-psychological-problems/ |work=The Washington Post |date=2016-11-22 |accessdate=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2017-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309231248/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/11/22/sexist-men-have-psychological-problems/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Keith">{{cite book |last1=Keith |first1=Thomas |title=Masculinities in Contemporary American Culture: An Intersectional Approach to the Complexities and Challenges of Male Identity |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-31-759534-2 |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&q=%22Toxic%20masculinity%22 |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2020-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106090301/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&q=%22Toxic%20masculinity%22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Kupers 2004">{{cite book |last1=Kupers |first1=Terry A. |editor1-last=Kimmel |editor1-first=Michael S. |editor2-last=Aronson |editor2-first=Amy |title=Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia |date=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |isbn=978-1-57-607774-0 |pages=630–633 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWj5OBvTh1IC&pg=PA631&dq=%22toxic+masculinity%22 |language=en |chapter=Prisons}}</ref>

<ref name="Kupers 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Kupers |first1=Terry A. |title=Toxic masculinity as a barrier to mental health treatment in prison |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology |date=June 2005 |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=713–724 |doi=10.1002/jclp.20105 |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.600.7208&rep=rep1&type=pdf |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831162527/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.600.7208&rep=rep1&type=pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Kupers 2007">{{cite book |last1=Kupers |first1=Terry A. |display-editors=etal |editor1-last=Flood |editor1-first=Michael |title=International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-13-431707-3 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=T54J3Q_VwnIC&pg=PA648&dq=%22toxic+masculinity%22 |language=en |chapter=Working with men in prison |pages=648–649 |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2020-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030140405/https://books.google.com/books?id=T54J3Q_VwnIC&pg=PA648&dq=%22toxic+masculinity%22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Kupers 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Kupers |first1=Terry A. |title=Role of Misogyny and Homophobia in Prison Sexual Abuse |journal=UCLA Women's Law Journal |date=2010 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=107–30 |url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p54x5qm.pdf |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2017-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152348/http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p54x5qm.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Longwood">{{Cite book |last1=Longwood |first1=W. Merle |last2=Schipper |first2=William C. |last3=Culbertson |first3=Philip |last4=Kellom |first4=Gar |title=Forging the Male Spirit: The Spiritual Lives of American College Men  |date=2012 |location=Eugene, Oregon |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RvxJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65&dq=%22mythopoetic+movement%22 |isbn=978-1-55-635305-5 |pages=65–6 |language=en}}</ref>

<ref name="Nicholas">{{cite journal |last1=Nicholas |first1=Donald R. |title=Men, Masculinity, and Cancer: Risk-factor Behaviors, Early Detection, and Psychosocial Adaptation |journal=Journal of American College Health |date=July 2000 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=27–33 |doi=10.1080/07448480009596279 |pmid=10967881 |url=http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10967881 |issn=0744-8481 |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2018-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029083807/http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10967881 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Panko">{{cite web |last1=Panko |first1=Ben |title=Sexism Sucks for Everybody, Science Confirms |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sexism-sucks-everybody-science-confirms-180961178/ |website=Smithsonian |language=en |date=2016-11-22 |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2017-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702212525/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sexism-sucks-everybody-science-confirms-180961178/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Weir">{{cite journal |last1=Weir |first1=Kirsten |title=The men America left behind |journal=Monitor on Psychology |date=February 2017 |volume=48 |issue=2 |page=34 |url=http://www.apa.org/monitor/2017/02/men-left-behind.aspx |publisher=American Psychological Association |language=en |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2018-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912141356/http://www.apa.org/monitor/2017/02/men-left-behind.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Wong et al.">{{cite journal |display-authors=1 |last1=Wong |first1=Y. Joel |last2=Ho |first2=Moon-Ho Ringo |last3=Wang |first3=Shu-Yi |last4=Miller |first4=I. S. Keino |title=Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and mental health-related outcomes |journal=Journal of Counseling Psychology |date=2017 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=80–93 |doi=10.1037/cou0000176 |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/cou-cou0000176.pdf |access-date=2017-07-16 |archive-date=2017-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709142906/http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/cou-cou0000176.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
}}

[[Category:男性健康]]
[[Category:心理学]]
[[Category:社会学]]