编辑“創造性想像”（章节）

== 吸引性和注意 ==
为了使参与者从这个阶段性的创造性想像过程中受益，参与者须能够容易進入沉浸狀態或是對[[吸引性 (心理學)|吸引性]]（absorption）具有敏感性，这就是“对進入沉浸狀態和進入自我改变体验的开放性”。 <ref>Tellegen, A., and Atkinson, G., Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (absorption), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 83, No. 3, 1974, pp268–277.</ref> <ref>Tellegen, A., A brief manual for the differential personality questionnaire. Minneapolis: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 1982.</ref> 

此外，处理视觉心像的过程會对认知注意力资源提出了要求，包括[[工作记忆]] 。<ref>Bexton, W. H., Heron, W., and Scott, T. H., Effects of decreased variation in the sensory environment. Canadian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1954, pp70–76.</ref> <ref>Engelhard, I. M., van den Hout, M. A., and Smeets, M. A. M., Taxing working memory reduces vividness and emotional intensity of images about the Queen's Day tragedy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2011, pp32–37.</ref> 

因此，创造性想像在临床实践中，通常作为多模式策略的一部分，该策略整合了其他干预措施 ，最常见的是引导冥想或某种形式的[[冥想|冥想练习]] 、放松技巧、冥想音乐、[[音樂治療|接受性音乐治疗]] ，因为这些方法可以提高参与者或患者的吸引性，增强对注意力的控制，补充必要的认知资源，从而提高创造性想像的潜在功效。 <ref>Bond, K., Ospina, M. B., Hooton, N., Bialy, L., Dryden, D. M., Buscemi, N., Shannahoff-Khalsa, D., Dusek, J., and Carlson, L. E., 'Defining a complex intervention: The development of demarcation criteria for "meditation"'. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2009, pp129–137.</ref> <ref>Shapiro, D. H. Jnr., 'Overview: Clinical and physiological comparison of meditation with other self-control strategies'. In Shapiro, D.H Jnr. and Walsh, R.N. (Eds.) Meditation: Classic and Contemporary Perspectives. Piscataway, New Jersey: Aldine Transaction, 1984, pp5-12.</ref> 

患有[[注意力不足過動症]]（ADHD）的个体通常表现出更大的创造潜力。有較强的能力去創造、想像独特的想法。 <ref>Peterson DJ, Ryan M, Rimrodt SL, Cutting LE, Denckla MB, Kaufmann WE, Mahone EM. Increased regional fractional anisotropy in highly screened attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Neurol. 2011 Oct; 26(10):1296-302.</ref>然而，如果给定限制性标准（例如程序、实用性、时间），就會表现出较弱的创造性解决能力。这种弱点是由于[[心理定势|认知僵化]] ，<ref>Scime, M. and Norvilitis, J. M. (2006), Task performance and response to frustration in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol. Schs., 43: 377–386. doi:10.1002/pits.20151</ref>经常与ADHD [[共病]]。注意力、聚焦、動機的缺點會在刚性挫折下更加嚴重，在给出指导方针时，更难引起创造性的概念化。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The neurofunctional foundation of cognitive rigidity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: some preliminary findings|url=http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/15011169|last=Capilla Gonzalez|first=A.|last2=Etchepareborda MC|date=1 February 2004|journal=Revista de Neurologia|accessdate=29 November 2017|volume=38 Suppl 1|pages=S145–8|language=es|pmid=15011169|last3=Fernandez Gonzalez|first3=S.|last4=Mulas|first4=F.|last5=Campo|first5=P.|last6=Maestu|first6=F.|last7=Lucas Fernandez|first7=A.|last8=Ortiz|first8=T.|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812165049/http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/15011169|dead-url=no}}</ref>然而，ADHD所增加的{{le|思维徘徊|Mind-wandering}} 、[[水平思考|横向思维]]、持久性，可以提供更多{{le|跳出边框的思维|Thinking outside the box}} 。因此，尽管更能够想像创造性和原创性的抽象概念，<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Domain-Specificity of Creativity: A Study on the Relationship Between Visual Creativity and Visual Mental Imagery.|last=Palmiero|first=M|last2=Nori|first2=R|date=1 December 2015|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01870|volume=6|page=1870|pmc=4664616|pmid=26648904|last3=Aloisi|first3=V|last4=Ferrara|first4=M|last5=Piccardi|first5=L}}</ref>但在给定特定标准时，他们无法创造和确定最终想法。<ref>Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2003). Decreased Latent Inhibition Is Associated with Increased Creative Achievement in High-Functioning Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 499-606.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Creative Thinking in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)|last=Abraham|first=Anna|last2=Windmann|first2=Sabine|date=2006|journal=Child Neuropsychology|issue=2|doi=10.1080/09297040500320691|volume=12|pages=111–123|issn=1744-4136|pmid=16754532|last3=Siefen|first3=Rainer|last4=Daum|first4=Irene|last5=Güntürkün|first5=Oner}}</ref>