编辑“心理学”（章节）

=== 道德 ===
[[Image:Milgram experiment v2.svg|right|thumb|实验人员(E)命令老师(T，实验对象)电击学生(L，实际上是知情演员)。实验对象被确信学生每答错一道问题，都会受到“电击”（实际不存在）。演员的电击器连接着磁带，表示对每次电击进行记录。<ref name=ObedStudy>{{cite journal |last=Milgram |first=Stanley |year=1963 |title=Behavioral Study of Obedience |journal=Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology |volume=67 |pages=371–78 |pmid=14049516 |url=http://content.apa.org/journals/abn/67/4/371 |doi=10.1037/h0040525 |issue=4 |access-date=2013-06-25 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717013242/http://content.apa.org/journals/abn/67/4/371 |dead-url=no }} [http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1981/A1981LC33300001.pdf Full-text PDF.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1981/A1981LC33300001.pdf |date=20110611105753 }}</ref>]]

在今天的道德准则框架内，一些研究实验不允许进行。这些实验违反了[[人体实验|美国心理学会道德准则]]（Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association）、加拿大涉及人类实验道德准则（the Canadian Code of Conduct for Research Involving Humans）、以及{{tsl|en|Belmont Report|贝尔蒙报告}}。目前，道德准则规定，对非人类动物的研究只能在效益大于伤害的情况下进行。<ref>Sherwin, C.M.; Christionsen, S.B.; Duncan, I.J.; Erhard, H.W.; Lay Jr., D.C.; Mench, J.A.; O'Connor, C.E.; & Petherick, J.C. (2003). Guidelines for the Ethical use of animals in the applied ethology studies. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 81, 291–305.</ref>所以心理学家在动物实验中的研究方式不能用于人类。

* [[斯坦利·米尔格拉姆]]的[[米爾格倫實驗]]使得参与者饱受折磨，挑战了科学实验的[[伦理学|道德底线]]。实验研究参与对象会在多大程度上违背自己意愿执行规定行为。<ref>Milgram, Stanley. (1974), Obedience to Authority; An Experimental View. Harpercollins (ISBN 978-0-06-131983-9).</ref>
* 二十世纪70年代，[[哈里·哈洛]]在[[威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校]]利用[[普通獼猴|猕猴]]进行了“绝望”实验，遭到谴责。<ref>Blum 1994, p. 95, Blum 2002, pp. 218–19. Blum 1994, p. 95: "... the most controversial experiment to come out of the Wisconsin laboratory, a device that Harlow insisted on calling the 'pit of despair.{{'"}}</ref>实验利用动物来模拟[[重性抑郁障碍|抑郁症]]。哈洛设计出了一种“强暴架”，利用对母猕猴行为的干扰进行研究。<ref>Blum, Deborah. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection. Perseus Publishing, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7382-0278-5</ref>1974年，美国文学评论家{{tsl|en|Wayne C. Booth|韦恩·布斯}}写道：“哈里·哈洛跟他同事几十年折磨着非人类灵长实验品，证明了我们都早已知道的——社交生物会因社交纽带的损害而被损害。”他写道哈洛对他研究的伦理道德没有任何评论。<ref>Booth, Wayne C. ''Modern Dogma and the Rhetoric of Assent'', Volume 5, of University of Notre Dame, Ward-Phillips lectures in English language and literature, University of Chicago Press, 1974, p. 114. Booth is explicitly discussing this experiment. His next sentence is, "His most recent outrage consists of placing monkeys in 'solitary' for twenty days—what he calls a 'vertical chamber apparatus .... designed on an intuitive basis' to produce 'a state of helplessness and hopelessness, sunken in a well of despair.{{'"}}</ref>

大学心理学院设有道德委员会，以保障研究对象的权益与尊重。心理研究员在进行实验之前必须获得准许，以保护人类参与对象或实验动物的权益。<ref>The American Psychological Society: [http://www.apa.org/research/responsible/index.aspx Responsible Conduct of Research] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apa.org/research/responsible/index.aspx |date=20181124162156 }}</ref>